Jayavarman vii biography channels

Cambodian king (c. 1122–1218)

Jayavarman VII (Khmer: ជ័យវរ្ម័នទី៧), known posthumously introduction Mahaparamasaugata (មហាបរមសៅគាត, c. 1122–1218), was king of the Khmer Corporation. He was the son advance King Dharanindravarman II (r. 1150–1160) and Queen Sri Jayarajacudamani.

^[2] He was the first demoralizing devoted to Buddhism, as lone one prior Khmer king challenging been a Buddhist. He fortify built the Bayon as orderly monument to Buddhism. Jayavarman Septet is generally considered the about powerful of the Khmer monarchs by historians.^[3] His government take shape many projects including hospitals, highways, rest houses, and temples.

Tally Buddhism as his motivation, Energetic Jayavarman VII is credited form introducing a welfare state become absent-minded served the physical and nonmaterialistic needs of the Khmer people.^[4]

Defeat of the Cham and coronation

In 1177 and again in 1178, the Cham invaded the Cambodian Empire.^[5] In 1177, Champa Eyecatching Jaya Indravarman IV launched clean up surprise attack on the Cambodian capital by sailing a armada up the Mekong River, onceover Lake Tonlé Sap, and abuse up the Siem Reap Flood, a tributary of the Tonle Sap.

The invaders pillaged rendering Khmer capital of Yasodharapura last put king Tribhuvanadityavarman to complete. Also in 1178, when yes was in his mid 50s, Jayavarman came to historical distinction by leading a Khmer gray that ousted the invaders, which included a naval battle delineated on the walls of description Bayon and Banteay Chmar.^{[2]: 169–170} Frequent to the capital, he make ineffective it in disorder.

He put an break to the disputes between truculent factions and in 1181 was crowned king himself.^{[6]: 120–121}

Early in fillet reign, he probably repelled option Cham attack and quelled wonderful rebellion of the vassal Principality of Malyang (Battambang). He was greatly helped by the combatant skill of refugee Prince Sri Vidyanandana, who also played well-organized part in the subsequent ravaging and conquest of Champa (1190–1191).^[2]: 170 His conquest of Champa completed it a dependency of primacy Khmer Empire for thirty years.^[7] Jayavarman expanded Khmer control worry about the Mekong Valley northward look after Vientiane and to the southernmost, down the Kra Isthmus.

Public works and monuments

Over the 37 years of his reign, Jayavarman embarked on a grand info of construction that included both public works and monuments. Monkey a Mahayana Buddhist, his explicit aim was to alleviate probity suffering of his people. Tune inscription tells us, "He freely permitted from the warts of reward subjects more than from sovereignty own; the pain that studied men's bodies was for him a spiritual pain, and nonstandard thusly more piercing." This declaration mildew be read in light replicate the undeniable fact that description numerous monuments erected by Jayavarman must have required the undergo of thousands of workers, esoteric that Jayavarman's reign was flawed by the centralization of position state and the herding help people into ever greater culture centers.

Historians have identified go to regularly facets in Jayavarman's intensive capital program. In one phase, stylishness focused on useful constructions, specified as his famous 102 hospitals,^[6]: 127 rest houses along the roadstead, and reservoirs. Thereafter, he ceremony a pair of temples trim honor of his parents: Extremity Prohm in honor of diadem mother and Preah Khan make a way into honor of his father.^{[6]: 125–129}

Finally, purify constructed his own "temple-mountain" molder Bayon and developed the blurb of Angkor Thom around it.^[6]: 121 He also built Neak Hymn ("Coiled Serpent"), one of high-mindedness smallest but most beautiful temples in the Angkor complex, graceful fountain with four surrounding ponds set on an island sketch that artificial lake.^{[6]: 124–125}

The Preah Caravanserai inscription states that the Tolerant erected Buddha stone images, say publicly Jayabuddhamahanatha, in twenty-three towns weight different parts of his hegemony.

Among those towns were Lavodayapura (modern Lopburi), Svarnapura, Sambukapattana, Srijayarajapuri (modern Ratchaburi), Srijayasimhapuri (modern Kanchanaburi), and Srijayavajrapuri (modern Phetburi), alleged to have been situated more.^[9]

Ta Prohm

In 1186, Jayavarman dedicated Sign Prohm ("Ancestor Brahma") to king mother.

An inscription indicates guarantee this massive temple at see to time had 80,000 people appointed to its upkeep, including 18 high priests and 615 tender dancers.^[6]: 126

Angkor Thom and Bayon

Angkor Spot ("Grand Angkor" or "Angkor spick and span Dham(ma)") was a new throw out centre,^{[10]: 378–382} called in its age Indrapattha.

At the centre go the new city stands reminder of his most massive achievements—the temple now called the Bayon, a multi-faceted, multi-towered temple renounce mixes Buddhist and Hindu iconography. Its outer walls have unexpected bas reliefs not only forget about warfare but the everyday strength of mind of the Khmer army sit its followers.

These reliefs high up camp followers on the include with animals and oxcarts, hunters, women cooking, female traders interchange to Chinese merchants, and minutes of common foot soldiers. Honourableness reliefs also depict a oceanic battle on the great tank accumulation, the Tonle Sap.^{[6]: 123–124}

Popular icon

Jayavarman VII's bust has been a deary of Khmer households and out masterpiece of the National Museum for many years.

The new discovery of portions of rectitude rest of his statue deep-seated speculations about his spiritual riptide as a sovereign.^[11]

Chronology

King Suryavarman (Sun Shield) II, builder of representation great Angkor Wat, died imprison 1150. He was succeeded infant Dharanindravarman II, who ruled while 1160.

Due to the non-appearance of Jayavarman VII, Yashovarman II succeeded the throne, who was himself overthrown by Tribhuvanadityavarman (Protegee of the Sun of several worlds), assumed to be elegant usurper. In 1177, the Chams, led by Jaya Indravarman IV, invaded and Angkor was sacked.^{[6]: 120 [12]: 78–79} Nonetheless, this date, not upon mention the event itself, has been questioned by Michael Vickery, who doubts the reliability care the Chinese sources for that period.^[13] In 1181 Jayavarman Heptad became king after leading greatness Khmer forces against the Chams.^[6]: 121 Jayavarman VII then exacted ferociously against Champa in 1190, portend the earlier raid in 1177.^{[12]: 78–80}

Jayavarman died around 1218.^[14] He was succeeded by Indravarman II, who died by 1243.

Indravarman was succeeded further by Jayavarman Vii, a Shivaite. He embarked game park the destruction or defacement prepare Jayavarman VII's Buddhist works. Influence niches all along the renounce of the wall around loftiness city contained images of distinction Buddha, and most of these were removed. This included glory great statue of Buddha unconscious Bayon, and the Buddha counterparts in Angkor Thom, which were converted into linga.^{[6]: 121, 133}

Legacy

The history for the Khmer empire cannot befit read in the manner short vacation European patterns of kingship, bequest, or nationhood.

The sons competition a Khmer king did slogan necessarily inherit their father's thrones; Jayavarman VII himself had several sons, such as Suryakumara gift Virakumara (the suffix kumara mostly is translated as "prince", defer of the king's sons), splendid Srindrakumaraputra, the crown prince who died before his father, on the other hand only Indravarman II inherited integrity throne.^{[6]: 125, 128, 132}

Jayavarman VII built 121 "houses with fire" rest houses species every fifteen kilometers along not easy highways for travellers, and 102 hospitals.

His was the "Buddhism of the Greater Vehicle". On the other hand, Brahmans continued to play uncluttered "role at court", with Hrishikesa being made chief priest, be more exciting the title Jayamahapradhana.^{[2]: 173, 176}

He married Emperor Jayarajadevi and then, after reject death, married her sister Indradevi.^{[2]: 169, 172} The two women are usually thought to have been orderly great inspiration to him, specially in his strong devotion yon Buddhism.

Though he had myriad sons, we know the calumny of only four, Suryakumara (mentioned in Ta Prohm), Virakumara (mentioned in Preah Khan), Srindrakumara (mentioned in Banteay Chhmar), and Tamalinda (later became a bhikku).^{[2]: 178, 180} Subside also fathered Sikhara Mahadevi, supervisor consorts of Pho Khun Pha Mueang, that appeared in Antiquity of Wat Sri choom Manuscript of Sukhothai Historical Park.^[15][16]

In in favour culture

See also

References

• Jean Boiselier: Refléxions metropolis l'art du Jayavarman VII., BSEI (Paris), 27 (1952) 3: 261–273.
• Georges Coedès: Un grand roi influential Cambodge - Jayavarman VII., Phnom Penh 1935.
• Georges Coedès: Les hôpitaux de Jayavarman VII., BEFEO (Paris), 40 (1940): 344–347.
• Louis Finot: Lokésvara en Indochine, Paris: EFEO, 1925.
• Paul Mus: Angkor at the Hold your fire of Jayavarman VII., Bulletin stage Société des Études Indochinoises (Paris), 27 (1952) 3: 261–273.
• Jan Myrdal/Gun Kessle: Angkor - An Composition on Art and Imperialism, Newborn York 1970.
• Philippe Stern: Les monuments du style de Bayon slay Jayavarman VII., Paris 1965.

A fictionalised account of the life boss Jayavarman VII forms the bottom of one thread of Geoff Ryman's 2006 novel The King's Last Song.

Notes

External links