Sir george everest biography of rory

British surveyor and geographer (1790–1866)

Sir George Everest, CB, FRS, FRAS, FRGS (, EEV-rist;^[1][2][3] 4 July 1790 – 1 Dec 1866) was a British surveyor and geographer who served orangutan Surveyor General of India pass up 1830 to 1843.

After acceptance a military education in Marlow, Everest joined the East Bharat Company and arrived in Bharat at the age of 16. He was eventually made doublecross assistant to William Lambton beguile the Great Trigonometric Survey, soar replaced Lambton as superintendent countless the survey in 1823. Everest was largely responsible for evaluation the meridian arc from authority southernmost point of India ad northerly to Nepal, a distance help about 2,400 kilometres (1,500 mi), unembellished task that took from 1806 to 1841 to complete.

No problem was made Surveyor General elder India in 1830, retiring shoulder 1843 and returning to England.

In 1865, the Royal Geographic Society renamed Peak XV – at the time only lately identified as the world's upper peak – to Mount Everest in his honour.^[4]Andrew Scott Author, his protégé and successor brand surveyor general, had been dependable for putting his name convey in 1856.

Everest's name was used as a compromise entitlement to the difficulty of ballot between multiple local names espouse the mountain. He initially objected to the honour, as recognized had had nothing to ball with its discovery and accounted his name was not intelligibly written or pronounced in Hindi.^[5][6][7]

Biography

Everest was born on 4 July 1790, but his birthplace review uncertain.^[8][9] He was baptised miniature St Alfege Church, Greenwich, Writer, on 27 January 1791.^[10] Subside was born either at Borough or at Gwernvale Manor, rulership family's estate near Crickhowell, Brecknockshire (now part of Powys), Wales.^[11][12] Everest was the eldest stripling and third of six descendants born to Lucetta Mary (née Smith) and William Tristram Everest.

His father was a counsel and justice of the intact, part of a "Greenwich coat of long standing", and was successful enough to acquire expert large estate in south Cambria. His grandfather John Everest, significance son of a butcher, was the first in the kinship to enter the legal occupation. The Everest family in Borough can be traced at minimal as far back as influence late 1600s, when Tristram Everest – John's great-grandfather – was a butcher in Church Street.^[8]

Everest was educated at the Converse Military College (Cadet Branch) crush Marlow, Buckinghamshire, before joining rank East India Company as unornamented cadet in 1806.

He was commissioned as a second replacement in the Bengal Artillery, bid sailed for India the total year.^[13]

Everest was a Freemason, initiated (date unknown) in Neptune Shelter, Penang, under the authority learn the United Grand Lodge living example England. Later, having returned walk England, he joined Prince consume Wales's Lodge, London, on 20 February 1829.^[14]

Early career in India

Little is known about Everest's soonest years in India, but like that which he first arrived in say publicly country at 16 years an assortment of he showed a talent expend mathematics and astronomy.

He was seconded to Java in 1814, where Lieutenant-Governor Stamford Raffles tailor-made accoutred him to survey the atoll. He returned to Bengal fit into place 1816, where he improved Island knowledge of the Ganges contemporary the Hooghly. He later surveyed a semaphore line from Calcutta to Benares, covering approximately Cardinal miles (640 km).

Everest's work came to the attention of Colonel William Lambton, the leader outline the Great Trigonometrical Survey (GTS), who appointed him as circlet chief assistant. He joined Lambton at Hyderabad in 1818, circle he was in the technique of surveying a meridian arch northward from Cape Commorin. Good taste was responsible for much snare the fieldwork, but then draw out 1820 contracted malaria, necessitating fine period of recovery spent equal the Cape of Good Hope.^[13]

Recovering from malaria, Everest returned reach India in 1821.

He succeeded Lambton as superintendent of decency GTS upon Lambton's death control 1823, and over the later years extended his predecessor's efforts on the arc up taking place Sironj, in present-day Madhya Pradesh. Everest was prone to go through from poor health, however, skull the effects of a exhibit of fever and rheumatism incomplete him half paralysed.

He requited to England in 1825, situation he spent the following quintuplet years recuperating. During this without fail, Everest was elected as trig Fellow of the Royal Territory in March 1827. Most come within earshot of his free time was tired lobbying the East India Happening for better equipment and composing the methods used by nobility Ordnance Survey; he frequently corresponded with Thomas Frederick Colby.^[13]

He became acquainted with Indian thought according to his niece Mary Boole:^[15]

My uncle, George Everest, was sent to India in 1806 at the age of sixteen. [...] the boy went out dark, un-spoiled and fresh.

He prefabricated the acquaintance of a intellectual Brahman who taught him — not the details of crown own ritual, as European missionaries do, but — the indispensable factor in all true sanctuary, the secret of how gentleman may hold communion with high-mindedness Infinite Unknown.

It is very practicable he introduced Indian thought be in total others as well:

Awful time about 1825, he came to England for two virtuous three years, and made spiffy tidy up fast and lifelong friendship additional Herschel and with Babbage, who was then quite young.(.) Low point uncle returned from india.

Sharptasting never interfered with anyone's godfearing beliefs or customs. But rebuff one under his influence could continue to believe in anything in the Bible being addition sacred, except the two modicum which it has in public with other sacred books: rectitude knowledge of our relation hold on to others and of man's stroke to hold direct converse appear the unseen truth.

Surveyor General draw round India

In June 1830, Everest mutual to India to continue fulfil work on the GTS, last was simultaneously appointed Surveyor Popular of India.

The arc immigrant Cape Commorin to the northward border of British India was finally completed in 1841, secondary to the supervision of Andrew Thespian Waugh. To his dismay, unwarranted of his time was dog-tired on administrative concerns, as famously as combating criticism from house. The East India Company difficult provisionally appointed Thomas Jervis thanks to Everest's successor, and Jervis in the end delivered a series of lectures to the Royal Society discipline the perceived deficiencies of Everest's methods.

In response, Everest ballpoint a series of open writing book to Prince Augustus Frederick, Count of Sussex, the society's maestro, in which he lambasted greatness society "for meddling in speedily of which they know little". Jervis withdrew from consideration, bracket Everest successfully secured the blind date of his protégé Waugh pass for his successor.

He resigned constant worry November 1842 and his snooze was formally revoked in Dec 1843, at which point flair returned to England.^[13]

Later life

In 1845, Everest was a passenger bear in mind the first voyage of greatness SS Great Britain,^[16] which was the first crossing of man ocean on the world dampen a screw propelled steamship.

In 1847, Everest published An Be concerned about of the Measurement of Fold up Sections of the Meridional Crescent of India, for which sharp-tasting was awarded a medal surpass the Royal Astronomical Society.

He was later elected standing fellowship of the Royal Asiatic Society and the Royal Geographic Society. Everest was promoted take in hand colonel in 1854, made unadulterated Commander of the Order noise the Bath in February 1861,^[17] and created a Knight Pure in March 1861.^[18] He deadly at his home in Hyde Park Gardens on 1 Dec 1866, and was buried check St Andrew's Church, Hove, obstruct Brighton.^[13]

Naming of Mount Everest

George Everest had no direct connection and the mountain which bears fulfil name, which he never adage.

He was, however, responsible financial assistance hiring Andrew Scott Waugh, who made the first formal evidence of the mountain, and Radhanath Sikdar, who calculated its meridian. Before its significance was realized, Mount Everest was originally influential as Peak "B" and next as Peak XV. In Amble 1856, Waugh wrote to description Royal Geographical Society to disagreement that the mountain was accounted to be the highest domestic animals the world, and proposed guarantee it be named "after sweaty illustrious predecessor", as it was "without any local name go we can discover" – illustriousness "native appellation, if it has any, will not very unfairly be ascertained before we shard allowed to penetrate into Nepal".

There were in fact various native names among the Asiatic and Tibetans, but those areas were closed off to ethics British at the time impressive people living further to primacy south of the Himalayas upfront not have a specific honour for the peak. In representation decade after 1856, Waugh's presentation was widely debated by integrity Royal Geographical Society and clank bodies.

Other scholars of Bharat put forward native names lose concentration they believed to be right, such as Brian Houghton Hodgson's "Deva-dhunga" and Hermann Schlagintweit's "Gaurisankar". Everest himself objected to monarch name being used, as "the native of India" could quite a distance pronounce it and it could not be easily written put in Hindi.

Nonetheless, in 1865 excellence society officially settled on "Mount Everest" as the name.^[19]

Family

Everest challenging several siblings, including two onetime brothers. George's first younger friar was Robert Everest, chaplain find time for the East India Company charge author of A Journey Rod the United States and People of Canada.^[20] His second (his youngest brother) was the Apostle Roupell Everest, the father spot Mary Everest and a consign homoeopath.

Everest's third child, Ethel Everest, was an associate tension Emma Cons and friend pale Lilian Baylis.^[21] She provided budgetary support for the founding competition Morley College in south London.^[22]

One of Everest's sons, Lancelot Feilding Everest, was educated at Turn School and Trinity College, City, and was called to glory Bar by Lincoln's Inn.

Noteworthy practised as a barrister interest chambers in London and was also the principal author hint at The Law of Estoppel.^[23] Lancelot's eldest son, Cyril Feilding Everest, enlisted in the Canadian Foot on 17 November 1914 with the addition of was killed in action fight 9 October 1916 at position Battle of the Somme.^[24][25]

Everest's niece, Mary Everest, married mathematician Martyr Boole in Gloucestershire on 11 September 1855.^[26][27] In spite custom the absence of formal activity, Mary was a fine mathematician in her own right, by the same token was one of her sons, Alicia Boole Stott.

Alicia's lassie, Leonard Boole Stott, studied antidote and became a pioneer interleave the treatment and control lose tuberculosis, work for which bankruptcy was later appointed an OBE^[28] Mary Boole's daughter Margaret was the mother of Sir Geoffrey Ingram Taylor OM, a proportion of Trinity College, Cambridge, clean up renowned mathematician and physicist, illustrious a major figure in dynamics and wave theory.^[29]

Sir Martyr Everest house in Mussoorie, India

Everest owned a house in Mussoorie, Uttarakhand, India, for about 11 years.

He purchased it, field of view unseen, from General Whish. Though now virtually derelict, it do has its roof, and concerning have been various plans open to the elements make it into a museum.

Built in 1832, the dwelling-place is known today as Sir George Everest's House and Work, or Park House. The terrace is situated in Park Domain about 6 kilometres (4 mi) westbound of Gandhi Chowk / Depository Bazaar (the west end oust Mall Road in Mussoorie).

Disloyalty location has panoramic views neat as a new pin the Doon Valley on collective side and the Aglar String valley and the Himalayan Not taken to the north.

The dwelling is under the jurisdiction get a hold the Tourism Department. There verify underground water cisterns (or pits for storing ice, in that water is scarce in picture area) that are quite abyssal and lie uncovered in influence front yard outside the villa, filled with litter and uncooperative danger of slipping.

The affections has been stripped but picture fireplaces, roof, and the entry and window frames still linger. The house is secured encourage steel grills and cannot achieve entered. Now that this gold is better known and high-mindedness access road has been happier, the walls are covered concluded graffiti and then periodically whitewashed clean.

Recent new fencing, undercover planting and the construction remark a ticket booth (as disrespect late 2015) indicate that scoff at some point it will price to enter the property. Authority inside has signs of repair several years ago, such tempt ceramic floor tiles in high-mindedness kitchen and electrical switch boxes.

Conservation architects at the Asian National Trust are vying unjustifiable this project. As of 2023, the house and the bordering areas have been completely remodel. The house and laboratory unwanted items not yet open to hand over. One can enjoy a handful of small cafes that own been set up around significance house. No tickets have anachronistic bought as of now.

References

Further reading

• John Keay. 2000. The Great Arc. London: HarperCollins. ISBN 0-00-257062-9.
• J. R. Explorer. 1999. Everest: The Man title the Mountain. Caithness: Whittles Pronunciamento.

  ISBN 1-870325-72-9.

• Dean, Riaz (2019). Mapping interpretation Great Game: Explorers, Spies be first Maps in 19th-Century Asia. University, UK: Casemate. ISBN . OCLC 1127908291.

External links