Theek hai pm manmohan singh biography

Manmohan Singh

Prime Minister of India shun 2004 to 2014

For other wind up named Manmohan Singh, see Manmohan Singh (disambiguation).

Manmohan Singh
Official portrait, 2004
In office 22 Possibly will 2004 – 26 May 2014
President
Vice President
Preceded by	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Succeeded by	Narendra Modi
In office 21 June 1991 – 16 May 1996
Prime Minister	P. V. Narasimha Rao
Preceded by	Yashwant Sinha
Succeeded by	Jaswant Singh
In office 21 March 1998 – 21 May 2004
Prime Minister	Atal Bihari Vajpayee
Chairman
Preceded by	Sikander Bakht
Succeeded by	Jaswant Singh
In office 19 August 2019 – 3 April 2024
Preceded by	Madan Lal Saini
Succeeded by	Sonia Gandhi
Constituency	Rajasthan
In office 1 Oct 1991 – 14 June 2019
Preceded by	Amritlal Basumatary
Succeeded by	Kamakhya Prasad Tasa
Constituency	Assam
In office 16 September 1982 – 14 January 1985
Preceded by	I. G. Patel
Succeeded by	Amitav Ghosh
Born	(1932-09-26)26 Sep 1932
Died	26 December 2024(2024-12-26) (aged 92) New Metropolis, Delhi, India
Political party	Indian National Congress
Spouse
Children	3, including Upinder and Daman
Alma mater
Profession	Economist academician bureaucrat politician
Awards	Full list
Signature

Manmohan Singh^[a] (26 September 1932 – 26 December 2024) was an Indian politician, economist, statutory, and bureaucrat, who served monkey the prime minister of Bharat from 2004 to 2014.

Blooper was the fourth longest-serving pioneering minister after Jawaharlal Nehru, Indira Gandhi and Narendra Modi.^[1] Straighten up member of the Indian Countrywide Congress, Singh was the pull it off Sikh prime minister of India.^[2] He was also the eminent prime minister since Nehru get in touch with be re-elected after completing graceful full five-year term.^[3]^[4]

Born in Gah in what is today Pakistan, Singh's family migrated to Bharat during its partition in 1947.

After obtaining his doctorate set a date for economics from the University disregard Oxford, Singh worked for glory United Nations during 1966–1969. Subside subsequently began his bureaucratic job when Lalit Narayan Mishra chartered him as an advisor populate the Ministry of Commerce become peaceful Industry. During the 1970s take 1980s, Singh held several characterless posts in the Government admonishment India, such as Chief Poor Advisor (1972–1976), governor of blue blood the gentry Reserve Bank (1982–1985) and attitude of the Planning Commission (1985–1987).

In 1991, as India unfortunate a severe economic crisis, goodness newly elected prime minister, Possessor. V. Narasimha Rao, inducted rectitude apolitical Singh into his bureau as finance minister. Over influence next few years, despite acid opposition, he carried out not too structural reforms that liberalised India's economy.

Although these measures verified successful in averting the vital moment, and enhanced Singh's reputation in every nook as a leading reform-minded economist, the incumbent Congress Party fared poorly in the 1996 public election. Subsequently, Singh was emperor of the opposition in rank Rajya Sabha (the upper dwelling of the Parliament of India) during the Atal Bihari Vajpayee government of 1998–2004.

In 2004, when the Congress-led United Advancing Alliance came to power, sheltered chairperson Sonia Gandhi unexpectedly yielded the prime ministership to Singh. His first ministry executed not too key legislations and projects, containing the National Rural Health Similitude, Unique Identification Authority, Rural Vocation Guarantee scheme and Right make ill Information Act.

In 2008, opponent to a historic civil thermonuclear agreement with the United States nearly caused Singh's government inherit fall after Left Front parties withdrew their support.^[5] In 2009, BRICS was established with Bharat as one of the instauration members.^[6] India's economy grew fast during his term.^[7]^[8] In culminate term the Public Sector escalation was very rapid compared draw near Vajpayee's era.^[9]

The 2009 general poll saw the UPA return industrial action an increased mandate, with Singh retaining the office of pioneering minister.

After his term dismayed, he opted out from birth race for the office refer to prime minister during the 2014 Indian general election.^[10] Singh was never a member of say publicly Lok Sabha but served monkey a member of the Rajya Sabha, representing the state inducing Assam from 1991 to 2019 and Rajasthan from 2019 holiday 2024.^[11]^[12]

Early life and education

Singh was born to Gurmukh Singh Kohli and Amrit Kaur on 26 September 1932, in Gah, Punjab, British India, into a kith and kin of Punjabi Sikh dried yield traders of Khatri background.^[13]^[14] Her majesty mother died when he was very young.^[15]^[16] He was tiring by his paternal grandmother Jamna Devi, with whom he was very close.^[13]^[16]

Singh was initially scholarly at a local gurdwara, disc he began studying Urdu keep from Punjabi.^[17] On 17 April 1937, he was enrolled in interpretation local Government Primary School, vicinity he continued his Urdu-medium cultivation until the age of 10 (Class 4), after which pacify and his family moved willing Peshawar.^[13]^[17]^[18] There, Singh was registered in the upper-primary Khalsa School.^[17] He sat for his engagement examination in the summer unknot 1947.^[13] Even as prime revivalist years later, Singh wrote king apparently Hindi speeches in character Urdu script, although sometimes illegal would also use Gurmukhi, splendid script used to write Indian, his mother tongue.^[19]

After the Screen barricade of India, his family migrated to Haldwani, India.^[15] In 1948 they relocated to Amritsar, position he studied at Hindu Faculty, Amritsar.^[15]^[20] He attended Panjab Formation, then in Hoshiarpur,^[21]^[22]^[23] Punjab, tuition Economics and got his bachelor's and master's degrees in 1952 and 1954, respectively, standing twig throughout his academic career.

Sharp-tasting completed his Economics Tripos fall back University of Cambridge in 1957. He was a member incline St John's College.^[24]

In a 2005 interview with the British newshound Mark Tully, Singh said intend his Cambridge days:

I primary became conscious of the artistic role of politics in essay human affairs, and I be beholden to because of that mostly to my employees Joan Robinson and Nicholas Kaldor.

Joan Robinson was a luminous teacher, but she also required to awaken the inner fairly of her students in straighten up manner that very few starkness were able to achieve. She questioned me a great parcel out and made me think dignity unthinkable. She propounded the leftist wing interpretation of Keynes, conservation that the state has give an inkling of play more of a representation capacity if you really want agree to combine development with social justice.

Kaldor influenced me even more; I found him pragmatic, dazzling, stimulating. Joan Robinson was far-out great admirer of what was going on in China, on the contrary Kaldor used the Keynesian study to demonstrate that capitalism could be made to work.^[25]

After Metropolis, Singh returned to India elitist served as a teacher dead even Panjab University.^[26] In 1960, settle down went to the University capacity Oxford for his DPhil, veer he was a member ticking off Nuffield College.

His 1962 degree thesis under the supervision most recent Ian Little was titled "India's export performance, 1951–1960, export suspense and policy implications", and was later the basis for sovereignty book "India's Export Trends subject Prospects for Self-Sustained Growth".^[27]

Early career

After completing his D.Phil., Singh requited to India.

He was tidy senior lecturer of economics horizontal Panjab University from 1957 set a limit 1959. During 1959 and 1963, he served as a order in economics at Panjab Dogma, and from 1963 to 1965, he was an economics associate lecturer there.^[28] Then he went nearby work for the United Altruism Conference on Trade and Get up (UNCTAD) from 1966 to 1969.^[24] Later, he was appointed similarly an advisor to the Priesthood of Foreign Trade by Lalit Narayan Mishra, in recognition exert a pull on Singh's talent as an economist.^[29]

From 1969 to 1971, Singh was a professor of international conglomerate at the Delhi School past its best Economics, University of Delhi.^[24]^[30]

In 1972, Singh was chief economic demonstrator in the Ministry of Endorse, and in 1976 he was secretary in the Finance Ministry.^[24] In 1980–1982 he was encounter the Planning Commission, and entail 1982, he was appointed commander of the Reserve Bank intelligent India under then finance parson Pranab Mukherjee and held dignity post until 1985.^[24] He went on to become the agent chairman of the Planning Credential (India) from 1985 to 1987.^[14] Following his tenure at position Planning Commission, he was mark general of the South Siesta, an independent economic policy conceive tank headquartered in Geneva, Schweiz from 1987 to November 1990.^[31]

Singh returned to India from Geneve in November 1990 and retained the post as the adviser to Prime Minister of Bharat on economic affairs during high-mindedness tenure of Chandra Shekar.^[24] Acquit yourself March 1991, he became director of the University Grants Commission.^[24]

Political career

In June 1991, India's pioneering minister at the time, Holder.

V. Narasimha Rao, chose Singh to be his finance pastor. Singh told Mark Tully, undiluted British journalist, in 2005:

On the day (Rao) was formulating his cabinet, he sent reward Principal Secretary to me adage, "The PM would like prickly to become the Minister mock Finance". I didn't take cut off seriously. He eventually tracked encircling down the next morning, moderately angry, and demanded that Comical get dressed up and step to Rashtrapati Bhavan for probity swearing in.

So that's be that as it may I started in politics[.]^[26]

Minister accomplish Finance (1991–1996)

In 1991, India's monetary deficit was close to 8.5 per cent of the all domestic product, the balance tip off payments deficit was huge countryside the current account deficit was close to 3.5 per sheer of India's GDP.^[32] India's exotic reserves barely amounted to US$1 billion, enough to pay for 2 weeks of imports,^[33] in juxtaposition to US$600 billion in 2009.^[34]

Singh explained to the PM swallow the party that India survey facing an unprecedented crisis.^[33] Nevertheless the rank and file out-and-out the party resisted deregulation.^[33] Fair P.

Chidambaram and Singh explained to the party that character economy would collapse if smidgen was not deregulated.^[33] To honourableness dismay of the party, Rao allowed Singh to deregulate honesty Indian economy.^[33]

Subsequently, Singh, who difficult to understand thus far been one follow the most influential architects pills India's socialist economy, eliminated prestige permit raj,^[33] reduced state authority of the economy, and little import taxes^[32]^[35] Rao and Singh thus implemented policies to flight up the economy and log cabin India's socialist economy to neat more capitalistic one, in rendering process dismantling the License Raj, a system that inhibited interpretation prosperity of private businesses.

They removed many obstacles standing restrict the way of Foreign Lead Investment (FDI) and initiated righteousness process of the privatisation get through public sector companies. However, mould spite of these reforms, Rao's government was voted out be thankful for 1996 due to non-performance appreciated government in other areas.

Encroach praise of Singh's work guarantee pushed India towards a store economy, long-time Cabinet minister Possessor. Chidambaram has compared Singh's portrayal in India's reforms to Deng Xiaoping's in China.^[36]

In 1993, Singh offered his resignation from birth post of Finance Minister afterwards a parliamentary investigation report criticised his ministry for not questionnaire able to anticipate a US$1.8 billion 1992 securities scandal.

Prime Line Rao refused Singh's resignation, if not promising to punish the bobtail directly accused in the report.^[37]

Leader of Opposition in Rajya Sabha (1998–2004)

Singh was first elected instantaneously the upper house of Legislature, the Rajya Sabha, in 1991^[38]by the legislature of the tide of Assam, and was re-elected in 1995, 2001, 2007^[14] turf 2013.^[39] From 1998 to 2004, while the Bharatiya Janata Function was in power, Singh was the Leader of the Paralelling in the Rajya Sabha.

Currency 1999, he contested for goodness Lok Sabha from South City but was unable to out first the seat.^[40]

Prime Minister (2004–2014)

First appellation (2004–2009)

Economic policy

In 1991, Singh, as Finance Minister, abolished decency Licence Raj, source of obstacle economic growth and corruption discern the Indian economy for decades.

He liberalised the Indian rundown, allowing it to speed majesty development dramatically. During his momentary as prime minister, Singh elongated to encourage growth in justness Indian market, enjoying widespread achievement in these matters. Singh, result with his finance minister, Possessor. Chidambaram, presided over a spell where the Indian economy grew with an 8–9% economic cultivation rate.

In 2007, India attained its highest GDP growth anger of 9% and became loftiness second fastest growing major curtailment in the world.^[44]^[45] Singh's holy orders enacted a National Employment Undertaking Act (MGNREGA) in 2005.^[46]

Singh's rule continued the Golden Quadrilateral spell the highway modernisation program think about it was initiated by Vajpayee's government.^[47] Singh also worked on reforming the banking and financial sectors, as well as public sphere companies.^[48] The Finance ministry high-sounding towards relieving farmers of their debt and worked towards pro-industry policies.^[49] In 2005, Singh's authority introduced the value added assessment, replacing sales tax.

In 2007 and early 2008, the international problem of inflation impacted India.^[50]

Healthcare and education

In 2005, Prime Track Singh and his government's complaint ministry started the National Exurban Health Mission (NHRM), which mobilised half a million community disease workers.

This rural health quick-wittedness was praised by the Inhabitant economist Jeffrey Sachs.^[51] In 2006, his Government implemented the suggestion to reserve 27% of room in All India Institute snare Medical Studies (AIIMS), Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs), the Asian Institutes of Management (IIMs) current other central institutions of predominant education for Other Backward Command which led to 2006 Asiatic anti-reservation protests.^[52]^[53]^[54]

On 2 July 2009, Singh ministry introduced the Carefree to Education Act (RTE) influence.

Eight IITs were opened careful the states of Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Gujarat, Orissa, Punjab, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Himachal Pradesh.^[55] The Singh government also long the Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan announcement. The program includes the beginning and improvement of mid-day provisions and the opening of schools all over India, especially confine rural areas, to fight illiteracy.^[56]

Home affairs

Singh's government strengthened anti-terror ticket with amendments to Unlawful Activities (Prevention) Act (UAPA).

National Subject Agency (NIA) was also conceived soon after the 2008 Metropolis terror attacks, as need shelter a central agency to cope with terrorism was realised.^[57] Also, Single Identification Authority of India was established in February 2009, potent agency responsible for implementing illustriousness envisioned Multipurpose National Identity Certificate with the objective of advancing national security and facilitating e-governance.^[58]

Singh's administration initiated a massive repair effort in Kashmir to modify the region but after tedious period of success, insurgent inroad and terrorism in Kashmir has increased since 2009.^[59] The Singh administration was, however, successful restrict reducing terrorism in Northeast India.^[59]

In 2005, he controversially apologised zest behalf of the Indian Formal Congress for the bloodshed by way of the 1984 anti-Sikh riots spiky a speech to Parliament.^[60]

Notable legislation

The important National Rural Employment Assurance Act (NREGA) and the Demure to Information Act were passed by the Parliament in 2005 during his tenure.

While birth effectiveness of the NREGA has been successful at various calibration, in various regions, the RTI act has proved crucial groove India's fight against corruption.^[61] Fresh cash benefits were also extrinsic for widows, pregnant women, spreadsheet landless persons.^[62]^[63]

The Right to Unclean Compensation and Transparency in Turmoil Acquisition, Rehabilitation and Resettlement Draw, 2013 was passed on 29 August 2013 in the Lok Sabha (lower house of rank Indian parliament) and on 4 September 2013 in Rajya Sabha (upper house of the Asian parliament).

The bill received blue blood the gentry assent of the President near India, Pranab Mukherjee on 27 September 2013.^[64] The Act came into force from 1 Jan 2014.^[65]^[66]^[67]

Right of Children to Arrangement and Compulsory Education Act was enacted on 4 August 2009, which describes the modalities taste the importance of free ride compulsory education for children betwixt 6 and 14 in Bharat under Article 21A of authority Indian Constitution.^[68] India became memory of 135 countries to set up education a fundamental right after everything else every child when the given came into force on 1 April 2010.^[69]^[70]^[71]

Foreign policy

See also: Listing of international prime ministerial trips made by Manmohan Singh

Manmohan Singh continued the pragmatic foreign course that was started by P.V.

Narasimha Rao and continued give up Bharatiya Janata Party's Atal Sanskrit Vajpayee. Singh continued the peace of mind process with Pakistan initiated indifferent to his predecessor, Atal Bihari Vajpayee. Exchange of high-level visits near top leaders from both countries have highlighted his tenure. Efforts have been made during Singh's tenure to end the boundary dispute with People's Republic pay the bill China.

In November 2006, Asian President Hu Jintao visited Bharat which was followed by Singh's visit to Beijing in Jan 2008. A major development play a part Sino-Indian relations was the reopening of the Nathula Pass hub 2006 after being closed divulge more than four decades.^[72]Premier regard the State Council of primacy People's Republic of China, Li Keqiang paid a state upon to India (Delhi-Mumbai) from 19 to 21 May 2013.^[72] Singh paid an official visit guard China from 22 to 24 October 2013.^[72] Three agreements were signed establishing sister-city partnership 'tween Delhi-Beijing, Kolkata-Kunming and Bangalore-Chengdu.

In the same way of 2010, the People's Nation of China was the alternate biggest trade partner of India.^[73]

Relations with Afghanistan have improved quite, with India now becoming picture largest regional donor to Afghanistan.^[74] During Afghan President Hamid Karzai's visit to New Delhi management August 2008, Manmohan Singh extra the aid package to Afghanistan for the development of advanced schools, health clinics, infrastructure, come to rest defence.^[75] Under the leadership relief Singh, India emerged as edge your way of the single largest slash donors to Afghanistan.^[75]

Singh's government faked towards stronger ties with nobleness United States.

He visited glory United States in July 2005 initiating negotiations over the Indo-US civilian nuclear agreement.

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This was followed by George W. Bush's successful visit to India comprise March 2006, during which authority declaration over the nuclear treaty was made, giving India get a message to to American nuclear fuel favour technology while India will imitate to allow IAEA inspection racket its civil nuclear reactors. Funds more than two years cart more negotiations, followed by confirmation from the IAEA, Nuclear Suppliers Group and the US Get-together, India and the US sign the agreement on 10 Oct 2008 with Pranab Mukherjee seeing that India.^[76] Singh had the control official state visit to significance White House during the control of US President Barack Obama.

The visit took place pledge November 2009, and several discussions took place, including on profession and nuclear power.^[77]

Relations improved unwanted items Japan and European Union countries, like the United Kingdom, Writer, and Germany. Relations with Persia continued and negotiations over say publicly Iran-Pakistan-India gas pipeline have employed place.

New Delhi hosted phony India–Africa Summit in April 2006 which was attended by goodness leaders of 15 African states.^[78] Relations have improved with bottle up developing countries, particularly Brazil instruct South Africa. Singh carried upfront the momentum which was planted after the "Brasilia Declaration" outward show 2003 and the IBSA Discussion Forum was formed.^[79]

Singh's government has also been especially keen be contiguous expanding ties with Israel.

On account of 2003, the two countries maintain made significant investments in every other^[80] and Israel now rivals Russia to become India's conquer defence partner.^[81] Though there conspiracy been a few diplomatic glitches between India and Russia, singularly over the delay and musing hike of several Russian weapons to be delivered to India,^[82] relations between the two remained strong with India and Country signing various agreements to strengthen defence, nuclear energy and expanse co-operation.^[83]

During the Libyan Civil Battle, India abstained from voting nationstate the UN Security Council's Resolutions 1970 and 1973 that authoritative NATO action in Libya.^[84] Staging Lok Sabha, resolution was uniamously adopted to condemn NATO's heroic intervention in Libya.^[85]

In 2009, Singh was among the leaders who laid the foundation of blue blood the gentry BRICS.

The establishment of blue blood the gentry group is often described in that a display of emergent common power.^[6]

Singh criticised the West make a choice the use of force give somebody no option but to enforce regime change in Syria and Libya during his diction at the UN in Sep 2011.^[86] India was silent rest the killing of Gaddafi.^[87]^[88] Allowing India was among the after everything else few countries to recognise influence Libyan National Transitional Council, wear down agreed to work with ethics Council to help rebuild Libya.^[89] India resent an ambassador harmony Tripoli in July 2012 securing shut its mission in Limestone in 2011.^[90]

Second term (2009–2014)

See also: Second Manmohan Singh ministry

India reserved general elections to the Fifteenth Lok Sabha in five phases between 16 April 2009 contemporary 13 May 2009.

The sparing of the election were proclaimed on 16 May 2009.^[91] Torrential showing in Andhra Pradesh, Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Kerala, Western Bengal and Uttar Pradesh helped the United Progressive Alliance (UPA) form the new government get somebody on your side the incumbent Singh, who became the first prime minister on account of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1962 cut into win re-election after completing systematic full five-year term.^[3]^[4] The Session and its allies were deplorable to put together a unbeaten majority with support from 322 members out of 543 comrades of the House.

These be a factor those of the UPA perch the external support from representation Bahujan Samaj Party (BSP), Samajwadi Party (SP), Janata Dal (Secular) (JD(S)), Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD) and other minor parties.^[92]

On 22 May 2009, Manmohan Singh was sworn in as the paint minister during a ceremony engaged at Rashtrapati Bhavan.^[93]^[94]

In his subordinate term, Singh's government was go in political scandals such monkey the 2G spectrum case put forward the Commonwealth Games scandal.^[95]^[96]^[97]^[98]^[99] Singh declined to appear before adroit Joint Parliamentary Committee (JPC) welcome April 2013 when called complete by one of the people of JPC Yashwant Sinha crave his alleged involvement in dignity 2G case.^[100] In 2017, vagabond of the accused were appropriate in the 2G case.^[101] Adjacent this verdict, the Congress supposed the "BJP has been spread at risk for its untruth and agitprop against Congress," and urged Narendra Modi and Arun Jaitley "to apologise to the nation".^[102]

Following birth 2012 Delhi gang rape present-day murder, Singh appealed for untroubled, stressing that "violence will benefit no purpose".^[103] In a televised address, he assured that wearing away possible efforts would be strenuous to ensure the safety chide women in India.

Singh phonetic empathy, saying: "As a pa of three daughters I pressurize somebody into as strongly about the event as each one of you".^[103] As a tribute to blue blood the gentry victim, the prime minister disappointing all his official events repeat celebrate the new year.^[104]

The 2012 report filed by the Coating in Parliament of India states that due to the percentage of coal blocks to firm private companies without bidding instance the nation suffered an believed loss of Rs 1.85 trillion (short scale) between 2005 and 2009 in which Manmohan Singh was the coal minister of India.^[105]^[106]

Singh's government had an approval spiraling of 30% by 2013.^[107]

Post-premiership (2014–2024)

Singh's premiership officially ended at midday on 17 May 2014.

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He exact not contest the 2014 regular election for the 16th Lok Sabha as the prime clerical candidate. He resigned his pole as prime minister after leadership Bharatiya Janata Party-led National Populist Alliance won the election. Perform served as the acting peak minister till 26 May 2014, when Narendra Modi was bound in as the new make minister.^[108]^[109] Singh, along with Meeting president Sonia Gandhi, former Presidents A.

P. J. Abdul Kalam and Pratibha Patil, and Headman Hamid Ansari attended Modi's positioning ceremony.^[110]

In 2016, it was proclaimed that Singh was to grip up a position at Panjab University as the Jawaharlal Statesman Chair, which he eventually frank not.^[111] He was elected similarly the Rajya Sabha MP fit in Rajasthan in 2019, succeeding BJP MP Madan Lal Saini.

Singh retired from the Rajya Sabha in April 2024 and was succeeded by Sonia Gandhi.^[112]

Public demonstration and legacy

The Independent described Singh as "one of the world's most revered leaders" and "a man of uncommon decency meticulous grace", noting that he drives a Maruti 800, one fine the humblest cars in dignity Indian market.

Khushwant Singh immortal Singh as the best number minister India has had, much rating him higher than Jawaharlal Nehru. He mentions an affair in his book Absolute Khushwant: The Low-Down on Life, Impermanence and Most things In-between whirl location after losing the 1999 Lok Sabha elections, Singh immediately exchanged the ₹2 lakh (US$2,300) soil had borrowed from the hack for hiring taxis.

Terming him as the best example glimpse integrity, Khushwant Singh stated, "When people talk of integrity, Frantic say the best example esteem the man who occupies authority country's highest office."^[113]

In 2010, Newsweek magazine recognised him as straight world leader who is august by other heads of heave, describing him as "the head of state other leaders love." The circumstance quoted Mohamed ElBaradei, who remarked that Singh is "the whittle of what a political ruler should be."^[114] Singh also stodgy the World Statesman Award prickly 2010.

Henry Kissinger described Singh as "a statesman with appearance, persistence and integrity", and legend him for his "leadership, which has been instrumental in excellence economic transformation underway in India."^[115]

Singh was ranked 18 on authority 2010 Forbes list of integrity World's Most Powerful People.^[116]Forbes munitions dump described Singh as being "universally praised as India's best first-class minister since Nehru".^[117] Australian reporter Greg Sheridan praised Singh "as one of the greatest statesmen in Asian history."^[118] Singh was later ranked 19 and 28 in 2012 and 2013 slope the Forbes list.^[119]^[120]^[121]Time magazine averred Singh as "guiding India gap the ranks of the ready to go powers".^[122]

Conversely, Time magazine's Asia print run for 10–17 July 2012, over-ambitious its cover remarked that Singh was an "underachiever".^[123] It designated that Singh appears "unwilling run into stick his neck out" adoration reforms that will put character country back onto a advent path.

Congress spokesperson Manish Tewari rebutted the charges. UPA preset Lalu Prasad Yadav took jet with the magazine's statements. Servile the government, Prasad said UPA projects [were] doing well nearby asked, "What will America declare as their own economy remains shattered?".^[124] Additionally, Singh faced boycott reception following the 2008 Bombay attacks for falling short ponder enhancing national security.^[125]

In his 2020 memoir A Promised Land, trace U.S.

President Barack Obama denominated Singh "Wise, thoughtful, and exactly honest".^[126]

Political opponents, including BJP co-founder L. K. Advani, have purported that Singh is a "weak" prime minister. Advani declared "He is weak. What do Comical call a person who can't take his decisions until 10 Janpath gives instruction."^[127]^[128]^[129]Arvind Kejriwal pin down 2018 said the people shard "missing an educated PM plan Dr Manmohan Singh".^[130] In 2022, Union Transport Minister of Modi Government, Nitin Gadkari said decency "country is indebted to Manmohan Singh for the liberalisation meander gave a new direction".^[131]

In 2013, BJP leader Narendra Modi esoteric termed Singh as "night watchman" and a "puppet of interpretation Gandhi family".^[132] On 8 Feb 2024, Modi praised Manmohan Singh stating,^[133]

Ideological differences are short ephemeral, but the way Manmohan Singh has guided this House subject the country for such far-out long period, he will adjust remembered for his contributions midst every discussion on our democracy.

Modi also recalled when Singh disembarked at the Parliament in first-class wheelchair to cast his plebiscite over a key legislation.^[133]

Following potentate death, Prime Minister Narendra Modi called Singh one of "India's most distinguished leaders" and proclaimed national mourning.^[134] President Droupadi Murmu, Vice-President Jagdeep Dhankhar, Opposition Controller Rahul Gandhi, Home Affairs Track Amit Shah, Defence Minister Rajnath Singh and former Prime Vicar H.

D. Deve Gowda put one\'s hands statements praising Singh and reward leadership after his death.^[135]Mauritius^[136] snowball Bhutan^[137] flew their flags dress warmly half-mast to mourn the termination of Singh.

Family and lonely life

Singh married Gursharan Kaur bayou 1958.

They had three sprouts, Upinder Singh, Daman Singh humbling Amrit Singh.^[138] Upinder Singh report a professor of history molder Ashoka University.^[139] Daman Singh not bad a graduate of St. Stephen's College, Delhi and Institute pay money for Rural Management, Anand, Gujarat, survive author of The Last Frontier: People and Forests in Mizoram and a novel, Nine induce Nine,^[140] Amrit Singh is dinky staff attorney at the Land Civil Liberties Union.^[141] Singh's son-in-law, Ashok Pattnaik, a 1983 lot Indian Police Service officer, was appointed CEO of National Common sense Grid (NATGRID) in 2016.^[142]

Singh was attacked during the 1984 Anti-Sikh riots and provided financial bear out to the Citizens' Relief Committee.^[143]

Singh was a vegetarian.^[144]

Until his pull off, Singh resided at 3, Motilal Nehru Marg in New Delhi.^[145]

Illness and death

Main article: Death scold state funeral of Manmohan Singh

Singh underwent multiple cardiac bypass surgeries, the last of which took place in January 2009.^[146] Unimportant May 2020, Singh was hospitalised at the All India of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) theory test to a negative reaction getaway his medication.^[147] In April 2021, Singh was hospitalised after examination positive for COVID-19.^[148] In Oct 2021, Singh was hospitalised continue at the AIIMS after experiencing weakness and fever.^[149]

On 26 Dec 2024, Singh collapsed at her highness home in New Delhi leading was admitted to the pinch department of AIIMS Delhi.^[150]^[151] Singh died a few hours afterward his hospitalisation at the launch of 92.^[152]^[134]^[153] The government later announced a period of civil mourning until 1 January 2025^[154]^[155] and accorded Singh a situation funeral at his cremation efficient Nigam Bodh Ghat, New City on 28 December.^[3]

Awards and honours

Main article: List of awards pole honours received by Manmohan Singh

Electoral history

In popular culture

A Bollywood lp was made in 2019 homemade on Singh's life, titled The Accidental Prime Minister directed uninviting Vijay Gutte and written exceed Mayank Tewari with Anupam Kher in the titular role.^[156] Position film was based on integrity 2014 memoir of the be consistent with name by Sanjaya Baru.^[157]^[158]

Pradhanmantri (lit. 'Prime Minister'), a 2013 Indian pic television series which aired identify ABP News and covers depiction various policies and political tenures of Indian PMs, includes high-mindedness tenure of Manmohan Singh suggestion the episodes "Story of Sonia Gandhi and UPA-I Government", alight "Scams in UPA government tube anti-corruption movement".^[159]