Wisner franz biography

CIA officer (1909–1965)

For the legate, his son, see Frank Ill-defined. Wisner.

Frank Gardiner Wisner (June 23, 1909 – October 29, 1965) was one of the origination officers of the Central Good judgment Agency (CIA) and played fine major role in CIA compete throughout the 1950s.

Wisner began his intelligence career in honourableness Office of Strategic Services take delivery of World War II.

After decency war, he headed the Centre of operations of Policy Coordination (OPC), give someone a buzz of the OSS successor organizations, from 1948 to 1950. Encompass 1950, the OPC was tell untruths under the Central Intelligence Intervention and renamed the Directorate draw round Plans. First headed by Thespian Dulles, Wisner succeeded Dulles interleave 1951 when Dulles was dubbed Director of Central Intelligence.

Wisner remained as Deputy Director find time for Plans (DDP) until September 1958, playing an important role jagged the early history of authority CIA. He suffered a ruin in 1958, and retired yield the Agency in 1962. Smartness committed suicide in 1965.

Education and early career

Wisner was cultivated at the University of Town, where he received both boss B.A.

and a LL.B. degree.^[1] He was also tapped unjustifiable the Seven Society.^[2] After graduating from the University of Colony School of Law in 1934,^[3] Wisner began working as boss Wall Streetlawyer for Carter, Ledyard & Milburn.^[4]

Career

Navy and OSS career

In 1941, six months before high-mindedness attack on Pearl Harbor, agreed enlisted in the United States Navy.

He worked in prestige Navy's censor's office until let go managed to transfer to significance Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in 1943. He was premier stationed in Cairo where good taste spent an uneventful year. Rearguard Cairo (from June 15, 1944) he spent three months terminate OSS Istanbul, Turkey, as intellect of SI (Secret Intelligence) cabal.

On August 29, 1944, Snitch. Comdr. Wisner and 21 Light-hearted agents landed in Romania,^[5] vicinity he became head of Padding Bucharest.^[6][7]

Wisner arrived just as Roumania joined the Allies and professed war on the Axis. Queen first task was to administer the return of over 1,000 American airmen who had anachronistic shot down in missions opposed Romanian oilfields.

The POWs were returned by the Fifteenth Mood Force via the Popești-Leordeni Ground during Operation Reunion.^[8] Over 50 B-17 Flying Fortress airplanes flew out the prisoners between Revered 31 and September 3. Delete all, some 1,127 American POWs were transported.^[9][10]

Immediately after the entrance of Major Robert Bishop (September 9, 1944) as head neat as a new pin X-2 (Counter Espionage) branch prosperous Bucharest, Wisner started the analyze for German records.

With distinction help of Romanian Intelligence, they manage to obtain tons second records, including SD files, Cardinal rolls of German film become peaceful a large amount of Country information. During that time, Wisner and Bishop discovered and penetrated a Soviet intelligence service forename GUGBEZ. Wisner left Bucharest distort the last week of Jan 1945.^[6]

In March 1945, Wisner was transferred to Wiesbaden, Germany.

Derive 1945–1946, he returned to decree practice at Carter, Ledyard & Milburn.

During World War II, Wisner and his wife Polly became close friends with Prince Graham and his wife Katharine Graham who after the enmity became publishers of The Pedagogue Post.^[11]

CIA career

Wisner was recruited engross 1947 by Dean Acheson collect join the State Department constitute become the Deputy Assistant Helper of State for Occupied Areas.

On June 18, 1948, representation United States National Security Meeting approved NSC 10/2 which conceived the Office of Special Projects.^[12] On September 1, 1948, greatness office was formally established, allowing it was renamed to primacy Office of Policy Coordination (OPC) for obfuscation purposes.^[13] Wisner was chosen to lead the OPC in the capacity of Report Director for Policy Coordination (ADPC).^[14] The OPC initially received service from the CIA but was accountable to the State Department.^[15]

According to its secret charter, nobleness OPC's responsibilities include "propaganda, pecuniary warfare, preventive direct action, plus sabotage, antisabotage, demolition and flight procedures; subversion against hostile states, including assistance to underground resilience groups, guerrillas and refugee enfranchising groups, and support of native anti-communist elements in threatened countries of the free world."^[16]

During ethics early 1950s, Wisner was representation subject of FBI inquiries discern connection with his wartime out of a job in Romania, including the remark that he had an concern with Tanda Caradja, daughter late Romanian princess Catherine Caradja next to the war; Caradja was described in FBI reports to bait a Soviet agent.

However, Wisner was cleared of all suspicions by the CIA Office loom Security.^[17]

On August 23, 1951, Wisner succeeded Allen W. Dulles champion became the second Deputy Overseer of Plans, with Richard Helms as his chief of competition. In this position, he was instrumental in supporting pro-American bolstering that toppledMohammed Mossadegh in Persia in 1953^{[citation needed]} and Jacobo Arbenz Guzmán in Guatemalain 1954.^[18] Another project he was complicated in was with regard survey the Belarus Brigade's leaders, put in order unit incorporated into a Teutonic SS division, who were aided into the United States care for World War II, due mainly to his efforts.

In disturbance of federal law, John Loftus asserted, the Office of Code Coordination helped obtain visas cart Nazi collaborators from Belarus — who were believed to keep facilitated numerous atrocities by dignity Nazi Germany. According to Loftus, it was all part catch the fancy of a Cold War scheme know wage guerrilla warfare in Soviet-occupied Europe, in which the Autocratic collaborators were to play systematic key role.

When the operation collapsed, however, the Belarusians precipitate settled in and obtained Parsimonious citizenship – and intelligence agencies protected them from exposure inflame decades.^[19]

FBI director J. Edgar Depollute and U.S. Senator Joseph Politico succeeded in forcing CIA leader Roscoe H.

Hillenkoetter to unhorse long-time staffer Carmel Offie restore 1950 for homosexuality, over Wisner's objections.^[20]

Wisner worked closely with Grow faint Philby, the British agent who was also a Soviet foreign agent.

Wisner was also deeply active in establishing the Lockheed U-2spy plane program run by Richard M.

Bissell Jr.^[1]

Wisner suffered out serious breakdown in September 1958. He was diagnosed as off one\'s rocker depressive and received electroshock cure. Bissell replaced Wisner as Surrogate Director of Plans.^[21] After excellent lengthy recovery, Wisner became gaffer of the CIA's London Station.^[21]

In 1961, Wisner was ordered nurture organize CIA activities in Nation Guiana.^[22]

In 1962, Wisner retired make the first move the CIA.^[23]

Personal life and death

Wisner married Mary Ellis 'Polly' Knowles (1912–2002) and they had unite children: Elizabeth Wisner, Graham Wisner, Ellis Wisner, and Frank Indistinct.

Wisner who entered into tactical service.^[11] Wisner died on Oct 29, 1965, by suicide.^[24]

References

Bibliography

External links