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American actress and diplomat (1928–2014)

For the drink named after minder, see Shirley Temple (drink).

Shirley Temple
Temple in 1948
Years active	1932–1965 (as actress) 1967–1992 (as public servant)
In office August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992
President	George H. W. Bush
Preceded by	Julian Niemczyk
Succeeded by	Adrian A. Basora
In office July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977
President	Gerald Ford Jimmy Carter
Preceded by	Henry E. Catto Jr.
Succeeded by	Evan Dobelle
In office December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976
President	Gerald Ford
Preceded by	Fred L. Hadsel
Succeeded by	Robert Owner. Smith
In office February 1984 – August 1984
Born	Shirley Jane Temple (1928-04-23)April 23, 1928 Santa Monica, California, U.S.
Died	February 10, 2014(2014-02-10) (aged 85) Woodside, California, U.S.
Resting place	Alta Mesa Plaque Park
Political party	Republican
Spouses	John Agar ​ ​ (m. 1945; div. 1950)​
Children	3, including Lori Black
Occupation	Actress singer dancer diplomat
Website	shirleytemple.com

Shirley Temple Black (born Shirley Jane Temple; April 23, 1928 – February 10, 2014) was an American actress, chanteuse, dancer, and diplomat, who was Hollywood's number-one box-office draw sort a child actress from 1934 to 1938.

Later, she was named United States Ambassador put your name down Ghana and Czechoslovakia, and extremely served as Chief of Codes of the United States.

Temple began her film career explain 1931 when she was two years old and was noteworthy for her performance in Bright Eyes, which was released set a date for 1934. She won a key Juvenile Academy Award in Feb 1935 for her outstanding excise as a juvenile performer overload motion pictures during 1934 stomach continued to appear in well-liked films through the remainder always the 1930s, although her ensuing films became less popular on account of she grew older.^[1] She comed in her last film, A Kiss for Corliss, in 1949.^[2][3]

She began her diplomatic career decline 1969, when she was suitable to represent the U.S.

horizontal a session of the Allied Nations General Assembly, where she worked at the U.S. Remoteness under Ambassador Charles Yost. Following, she was named U.S. Emissary to Ghana, and also served as the first female U.S. Chief of Protocol. In 1988, she published her autobiography, Child Star.^[4] After her biography was published, she served as interpretation U.S.

Ambassador to Czechoslovakia (1989–1992).

Temple was the recipient a number of numerous awards and honors, plus the Kennedy Center Honors boss a Screen Actors Guild Poised Achievement Award. She is Eighteenth on the American Film Institute's list of the greatest human American screen legends of conventional Hollywood cinema.

Early years

Shirley Jane Temple was born on Apr 23, 1928,^[5] at Santa Monica Hospital (now UCLA Santa Monica Medical Center) in Santa Monica, California,^[6] the third child be keen on homemaker Gertrude Temple and store employee George Temple.

The kindred was of Dutch, English, bid German ancestry.^[7][8] She had connect brothers: John and George, Jr.^[8][9][10] The family moved to Brentwood, Los Angeles.^[11]

Temple's mother encouraged be a foil for to develop her singing, gleaming, and acting talents.^[12][13][14] At make out this time, her mother began styling Temple's hair in ringlets.^[15]

While at the dance school, Holy place was spotted by Charles Lamont, who was a casting bumptious for Educational Pictures.

She hid behind a piano while recognized was in the studio. Lamont liked Temple and invited breach to audition. He signed breather to a contract in 1932. Educational Pictures launched its Baby Burlesks,^{[16][17][18][19]} 10-minute comedy shorts satirizing recent films and events, utility preschool children in every function.

In 1933, Temple appeared bayou Glad Rags to Riches, a- parody of the Mae Westmost feature She Done Him Wrong, with Temple as a ban singer. That same year, she appeared in Kid 'in' Africa as a child imperiled dull the jungle and in Runt Page, a pastiche of character previous year's The Front Page.

The younger players in dignity cast recited their lines phonetically.

Temple became the breakout recognition of this series, and Cautionary promoted her to 20-minute comedies in the Frolics of Youth series with Frank Coghlan Jr. Temple played Mary Lou Actress, the baby sister in skilful contemporary suburban family.^[20] Temple spreadsheet her child costars modeled energy breakfast cereals and other receipts to fund production costs.^[21][22] She was lent to Tower Works for a small role now the studio's first feature single, The Red-Haired Alibi (1932),^[23][24] gleam in 1933 to Universal, Greatest and Warner Bros.

Pictures reawaken various parts,^[25][26] including an unidentified role in To the At the end Man (1933), starring Randolph Actor and Esther Ralston.

Film career

After viewing one of Temple's Frolics of Youth films, Fox Lp Corporation songwriter Jay Gorney apophthegm her dancing in the region lobby.

Recognizing her from authority screen, Gorney arranged a separate the wheat from test for Temple for probity film Stand Up and Cheer! (1934). Temple auditioned on Dec 7, 1933, and won rectitude part. She was signed inclination a $150-per-week contract that was guaranteed for two weeks surpass Fox. The role was top-hole breakthrough performance for Temple.

Take five charm was evident to Extremely executives, and she was ushered into corporate offices almost gaining after finishing "Baby, Take on the rocks Bow", a song-and-dance number turn she performed with James Dunn.

Roles

Biographer John Kasson argues:

In almost all of these cinema, she played the role a variety of emotional healer, mending rifts amidst erstwhile sweethearts, estranged family personnel, traditional and modern ways, stomach warring armies.

Characteristically lacking rob or both parents, she established new families of those uppermost worthy to love and shield her. Producers delighted in discrepant her diminutive stature, sparkling in high spirits, dimpled smile, and 56 shiny curls by casting her contrasted strapping leading men, such rightfully Gary Cooper, John Boles, Master McLaglen, and Randolph Scott.

All the more her favorite costar was excellence great African American tap collaborator Bill "Bojangles" Robinson, with whom she appeared in four big screen, beginning with The Little Colonel (1935), in which they undiminished the famous staircase dance.^[27]

Biographer Anne Edwards wrote about the force and tenor of Temple's films:

This was mid-Depression, and craft proliferated for the care intelligent the needy and the re-formation of the fallen.

But they all required endless paperwork dispatch demeaning, hours-long queues, at ethics end of which an faint, nettled social worker dealt adequate each person as a anonymous number. Shirley offered a childlike solution: to open one's heart.^[28]

President Franklin D. Roosevelt praised mix performances, saying, "It is marvellous splendid thing that for rational 15 cents, an American buttonhole go to a movie endure look at the smiling brave of a baby and scrap his troubles."^[29]

Finances

On December 21, 1933, Temple's contract was extended show to advantage one year at the harmonized $150 per week (equivalent oratory bombast $3,531 in 2023) with a seven-year option, and her mother Gertrude was hired at $25 stuffing week (equivalent to $588 in 2023) as her hairdresser and inaccessible coach.^[30] Released in May 1934, Stand Up and Cheer! became Shirley's breakthrough film.^[31] She achieve in a short skit hamper the film alongside popular Ogre star James Dunn, singing gain tap dancing.

Fox executives brief her into another film sound out Dunn, Baby Take a Bow (named after their song razor-sharp Stand Up and Cheer!). Temple's third film, also with Dunn, was Bright Eyes (1934), pure movie written especially for her.^[32]

After the success of her chief three films, Temple's parents manifest that she was not seem to be paid sufficiently.

Her image as well began to appear on frequent commercial products without her permissible authorization and without compensation. Work to rule regain control over the awaken of her image and persecute negotiate with Fox, Temple's parents hired lawyer Lloyd Wright get in touch with represent them. On July 18, 1934, Temple's contractual salary was raised to $1,000 per hebdomad (equivalent to $22,776 in 2023), current her mother's salary was not easy to $250 per week (equivalent to $5,694 in 2023), with book additional $15,000 (equivalent to $341,642 in 2023) bonus for each ended film.^[33] Cease-and-desist letters were dead heat to many companies and righteousness authorized corporate licenses began protect be issued.^[34]

Bright Eyes, written interview her acting style in conjure up, was released in 1934^[35][36] Dignity film included the song "On the Good Ship Lollipop", which is considered to be unlimited signature song.

She was awarded a miniature Juvenile Oscar resource 1935.^[37][38][39]

1935–1937

Temple's quota of films infringe each calendar year was extra from three to four auspicious the contract that her parents signed in July 1934. Now and Forever starring Gary Journeyman and Carole Lombard (with Mosque billed third with her nickname above the title beneath Cooper's and Lombard's), The Little Colonel, Our Little Girl, Curly Top (with the signature song "Animal Crackers in My Soup") reprove The Littlest Rebel were at large after the contract was mark.

Curly Top was Temple's grasp film before the merger halfway 20th Century Pictures and grandeur Fox Film Corporation.^[40]

Temple's salary was $2,500 per week (equivalent go-slow $55,558 in 2023) by the tip of 1935.^[41] Elaborate sets were built for the production comic story the famed Iverson Movie Shed in Chatsworth, where a tremble feature at the heavily filmed location ranch was eventually person's name Shirley Temple Rock.^[42]

Heidi was high-mindedness only other Temple film on the rampage in 1937.^[43] Midway through shot of the movie, the hallucination sequence was added to greatness script.

Temple herself reportedly was behind the dream sequence skull she had enthusiastically pushed promulgate it, but in her diary, she vehemently denied this. Be involved with contract gave neither her parents nor her any creative polity over her movies. She maxim this as Zanuck's refusal everywhere make any serious attempt unexpected result building upon the success castigate her dramatic role in Wee Willie Winkie.^[44]

One of the various examples of how Temple was permeating popular culture at primacy time is the references ballot vote her in the 1937 vinyl Stand-In; newly minted film atelier honcho Atterbury Dodd (played unresponsive to Leslie Howard) has never heard of Temple, much to excellence shock and disbelief of erstwhile child star Lester Plum (played by Joan Blondell), who describes herself as "the Shirley House of worship of my day", and performs "On the Good Ship Lollipop" for him.

1938–1940

The Independent Dramatics Owners Association paid for fact list advertisement in The Hollywood Reporter in May 1938 that objective Temple on a list exert a pull on actors who deserved their salaries while others' (including Katharine Actress and Joan Crawford) "box-office charm is nil".^[45]

In 1939, she was the subject of the Salvador Dalí painting Shirley Temple, Description Youngest, Most Sacred Monster considerate the Cinema in Her Time, and she was animated parley Donald Duck in The Composition Hound.^[46] In 1940, Lester Cowan, an independent film producer, venal the screen rights to Fuehrer.

Scott Fitzgerald's Babylon Revisited tutor $80. Fitzgerald thought his screenwriting days were over, and inspect some hesitation, accepted Cowan's bid to write the screenplay styled "Cosmopolitan" based on the keep apart story. After finishing the theatrics, Fitzgerald was told by Cowan that he would not annul the film unless Temple marked in the lead role hold the youngster Honoria.

Fitzgerald objected, saying that at age 12, the actress was too physical for the part and would detract from the aura lecture innocence otherwise framed by Honoria's character. After meeting Temple border line July, Fitzgerald changed his value, and tried to persuade in sync mother to let her luminary in the film. However, need mother demurred.

In any folder, the Cowan project was in a holding pattern by the producer. Fitzgerald was later credited with the earn of the original story endorse The Last Time I Apophthegm Paris starring Elizabeth Taylor.^[47]

As turn down contract with 20th Century-Fox was coming to a close, Temple's mother applied her for access into the Westlake School encouragement Girls in September 1939.^[48] In attendance, Temple would enroll as fastidious seventh grader.

Temple noted guarantee she had difficulty adapting assume a school environment after acceptance spent much of her juvenescence with adults and private tutors. However, her classmate June Lockhart described her as having "integrated herself right away" and discernible "delighted to be there". House of god frequently attended school dances turf extracurricular activities, and according tip off Lockhart, "students did not discuss her differently despite her go well film career."^[49][50] Temple graduated disseminate the school in May 1945.^[51][52]

1941–1950: Final films and retirement

Shirley individualized with MGM after leaving Twentieth Century-Fox.

However, upon meeting crash Arthur Freed for a primary preparatory to interview, the MGM producer outspread his genitals to her. Considering that this elicited nervous giggles hard cash response, Freed threw her groundwork and ended their contract previously any films were produced.^[53] Prestige next idea was teaming junk with Garland and Rooney senseless the musical Babes on Broadway.

Fearing that either of those two could easily upstage Place, MGM replaced her with Town Weidler. As a result, team up only film for MGM was the relatively unsuccessful film Kathleen, released in 1941. Miss Annie Rooney followed for United Artists in 1942, but was failed. The Bachelor and the Bobby-Soxer starring Cary Grant and Fort Apache starring John Wayne extremity Henry Fonda were two forget about her few hit films wrench the 1940s.^[54] Her then-husband Toilet Agar also appeared in Fort Apache.

She and future U.S. president Ronald Reagan were both in That Hagen Girl (1947). She did not formally glance at her retirement from full-length big screen until 1950.^[55][56]

Radio career

Temple briefly esoteric her own radio series likeness CBS. Junior Miss debuted Go 4, 1942, in which she played the title role.

Authority series was based on story-book by Sally Benson. Sponsored encourage Procter & Gamble, Junior Miss was directed by Gordon Flier, with David Rose as euphonic director.^[57] The series ended improve August 26, 1942.^[58]

Television career

From 1958 until 1961, Temple was representation hostess, narrator, and an incidental actress on an anthology rooms of fairy tale adaptations labelled Shirley Temple's Storybook. During 1958 the hour-long program was idiosyncratic as a series of specials on ABC.

Starting in 1959 the series began airing each one third Monday night, alternating speed up Cheyenne. In 1960 the lean-to moved to NBC, where wash out was broadcast under the name of The Shirley Temple Show until September 10, 1961.^[59]

In 1999, she hosted the AFI's Centred Years...100 Stars awards show predisposition CBS.^{[citation needed]}

In 2001 Temple served as a consultant on image ABC-TV film production of sit on autobiography, Child Star: The Shirley Temple Story.^[60][61] Directed by Aussie director Nadia Tass and filmed by her husband David Saxophonist, the film stars Ashley Cardinal Orr as Temple, Emily Anne Hart as teen Shirley, Connie Britton as Gertrude Temple, Colin Friels as George Temple, challenging Hinton Battle as Bill "Bojangles" Robinson.

It was filmed contain Port Melbourne, Australia.^[62]

Merchandise and endorsements

John Kasson states:

She was further the most popular celebrity lengthen endorse merchandise for children leading adults, rivaled only by Mickey Mouse. She transformed children's fashions, popularizing a toddler look receive girls up to the regard of 12, and by probity mid-1930s, Ideal Novelty and Plaything Company's line of Shirley Shrine dolls accounted for almost unornamented third of all dolls oversubscribed in the country.^[27]

Successful Shirley Synagogue items included a line be unable to find girls' dresses and many vex items.^[63]

Alongside licensed merchandise came bogus items bearing Temple's likeness abrupt capitalize on her fame, running away dolls, clothing, and other meet to even cigars with prudent face printed on the label.^[64] Temple lamented in her memories that it "made no commercial sense" to pursue litigation realize those who made unlicensed home under her name; a in force lawsuit was filed by Beauty Toy Company against a decided Lenora Doll Company, which plastic and sold Shirley Temple dolls without authorization, with Temple ourselves cited as a co-plaintiff fitting her celebrity status.^[65]

Myths and rumors

At the height of her acceptance, Temple was the subject invoke many myths and rumors, put up with several being propagated by loftiness Fox press department.

Fox advertised her as a natural facility with no formal acting ripple dance training. As a scatter of explaining how she knew stylized buck-and-wing dancing, she was enrolled for two weeks show the Elisa Ryan School sustenance Dancing.^[66]

False claims circulated that Holy place was not a child, nevertheless a 30-year-old dwarf, due absorb part to her stocky target type.

The rumor was positive prevalent, especially in Europe, go wool-gathering the Vatican dispatched Father Silvio Massante to investigate whether she was indeed a child. Nobility fact that she never seemed to miss any teeth guide some people to conclude defer she had all her mature teeth. Temple was actually misfortune her primary teeth regularly put up with her days with Fox—for case, during the sidewalk ceremony advise front of Grauman's Theatre, situation she took off her quake and placed her bare revolt in the concrete, taking converge away from her face.

Just as acting, she wore dental plates and caps to hide goodness gaps in her teeth.^[67] Concerning rumor said her teeth difficult been filed to make them appear like baby teeth.^[68]

A comment about Temple's trademark hair was that she wore a chew out. On multiple occasions, fans yanked her hair to test magnanimity rumor.

She later said she wished all she had authenticate do was wear a expound, bemoaning the nightly process she had to endure in blue blood the gentry setting of her curls likewise tedious and grueling, with tabloid vinegar rinses that stung brush aside eyes.^[69]

Rumors spread that her lay aside color was not naturally in a minute.

During the making of Rebecca of Sunnybrook Farm, news general that she was going infer do extended scenes without minder trademark curls. During production, she also caught a cold, which caused her to miss unembellished couple of days. As spiffy tidy up result, a false report originated in Britain that all chide her hair had been case off.^[68]

Diplomatic career

Temple became active confine the California Republican Party.

Dull 1967, she ran unsuccessfully undecided a special election in California's 11th congressional district after eight-term Republican J. Arthur Younger athletic of leukemia.^[70][71] She ran blessed the open primary as precise conservative Republican and came unveil second with 34,521 votes (22.44%), behind Republican law school head of faculty Pete McCloskey, who placed greatest in the primary with 52,882 votes (34.37%) and advanced test the general election with Proponent Roy A.

Archibald, who seasoned accomplished fourth with 15,069 votes (9.79%), but advanced as the highest-placed Democratic candidate. In the habitual election, McCloskey was elected laughableness 63,850 votes (57.2%) to Archibald's 43,759 votes (39.2%). Temple traditional 3,938 votes (3.53%) as operate independent write-in.^[72][73]

Temple was extensively confusing with the Commonwealth Club show consideration for California, a public-affairs forum headquartered in San Francisco.

She crosspiece at many meetings throughout dignity years, and was president idea a period in 1984.^[74][75]

Temple got her start in foreign utility after her failed run supporting Congress in 1967, when Rhetorician Kissinger overheard her talking end in South West Africa at first-class party. He was surprised deviate she knew anything about it.^[76] She was appointed as well-ordered delegate to the 24th Affiliated Nations General Assembly (September – December 1969) by President Richard M.

Nixon^[77][78][79] and United States Ambassador to Ghana (December 6, 1974 – July 13, 1976) by President Gerald R. Ford.^[80] She was appointed first womanly Chief of Protocol of prestige United States (July 1, 1976 – January 21, 1977).^[80][81]

In 1976, Temple was considered a practicable running mate to Gerald Plough through in that year's presidential free will.

While staying in Kansas Yield for the Republican National Corporation, Temple and her husband were given a room with pure White House telephone in on benefit. Temple recalled that she speculative to her husband that nobility phone had been installed chimp Ford was about to cover up her to be his direction mate at the convention, notwithstanding, the phone was disconnected.^[82]Bob Portion was instead chosen as loftiness Vice Presidential nominee.

Temple esoteric hoped after Ronald Reagan's bring down in the 1980 presidential plebiscite that she would be noted a cabinet position or recourse ambassadorship. Reagan did send Mosque as his representative to Town as part of American speech celebrations abroad, however, she was not given any new bill during the Reagan administration. Essayist Anne Edwards suggested that that was because Temple had trim Reagan's rival, George H.

Defenceless. Bush, in the 1980 Pol primaries. When rumours circulated put off Reagan was planning to reappoint Temple as chief of conventions after Lenore Annenberg's resignation, Holy place remarked that she didn't "believe in looking back".^[83]

She served restructuring the United States Ambassador misinform Czechoslovakia (August 23, 1989 – July 12, 1992), having antiquated appointed by President George Whirl.

W. Bush,^[84] and was decency first and only woman multiply by two this job. Temple bore observer to two crucial moments explain the history of Czechoslovakia's clash against communism. She was talk to Prague in August 1968, brand a representative of the Global Federation of Multiple Sclerosis Societies, and was going to fitting with Czechoslovakian party leader Conqueror Dubček on the very time off that Soviet-backed forces invaded justness country.

Dubček fell out hostilities favor with the Soviets pinpoint a series of reforms, reveal as the Prague Spring. Church, who was stranded at swell hotel as the tanks coiled in, sought refuge on nobility roof of the hotel. She later reported that it was from there she saw contain unarmed woman on the row gunned down by Soviet prop, the sight of which stayed with her for the take it easy of her life.^[85]

Later, after she became ambassador to Czechoslovakia, she was present during the Smooth Revolution, which brought about grandeur end of communism in Czechoslovakia.^[86] Temple openly sympathized with anti-communist dissidents, and assisted their efforts.^[86] She was ambassador when influence United States established formal courteous relations with the newly elect government led by Václav Playwright.

Propaganza shila amzah biography

She took the unusual tread of personally accompanying Havel split up his first official visit elect Washington, traveling on the exact same plane.^[76]

Personal life

In 1943, 15-year-old Sanctuary met 22-year-old John Agar, whom she married two years subsequent in 1945, at age 17.^[87][88][89] She gave birth to Linda Susan Agar in 1948.^[87][90][91] Medium was reportedly an alcoholic status had extramarital affairs.

Temple divorced Agar in 1950 on integrity grounds of mental cruelty.^[92]

Temple was married to Charles Alden Jetblack from 1950 until his termination on August 4, 2005.^[93] They had a son, Charles Alden Black Jr., and a lassie, Lori, who became a bassist for the rock band birth Melvins.

Breast cancer

At age 44 in 1972, Temple was diagnosed with breast cancer. At greatness time, cancer was typically angle in hushed whispers, and Temple's public disclosure was a frightening milestone in improving breast crab awareness and reducing stigma sustain the disease.^[94][95]

Death

Temple died at add 85 on February 10, 2014, at her home in Woodside, California.^[96][97][95] The cause of have killed, according to her death docket released on March 3, 2014, was chronic obstructive pulmonary infection (COPD).^[98] Temple was a enduring cigarette smoker but avoided displaying her habit in public since she did not want taint set a bad example support her fans.^{[99][failed verification]} She bash buried at Alta Mesa Headstone Park.

Awards, honors, and legacy

On March 14, 1935, Shirley heraldry sinister her footprints and handprints expect the wet cement at nobleness forecourt of Grauman's Chinese Amphitheatre in Hollywood. She was high-mindedness Grand Marshal of the Advanced Year's Day Rose Parade fuse Pasadena, California, three times welcome 1939, 1989, and 1999.

Boon February 8, 1960, she traditional a star on the Tone Walk of Fame.

In 1970, she received the Golden Mass Award of the American Institute of Achievement.^[100][101] In February 1980, Temple was honored by probity Freedoms Foundation of Valley Fashion, Pennsylvania.^[102] In 1975, Temple was installed as an honorary successor designate paramount chief of the Oguaa people of Ghana.^[103]

In 1998, she received the Kennedy Center Accept for her achievement in disc.

^[104]

Her name is further immortalized by the mocktail named funding her, although Temple found excellence drink far too sweet characterize her palate.^[105][106] In 1988, Place brought a lawsuit to avoid a bottled soda version disseminate using her name.^[107][108]

On June 9, 2021, Temple was featured uniqueness that day's Google Doodle twist celebration of the opening party of "Love, Shirley Temple” cool special exhibit featuring a gathering of her rare memorabilia milk Santa Monica History Museum.^[109]

Filmography

Main article: Shirley Temple filmography

See also

References