Mary treat biography
Mary Treat
American biologist (1830–1923)
Mary Jazzman Treat | |
|---|---|
| Born | Mary Davis September 7, 1830 (1830-09-07) Trumansburg, New York |
| Died | April 11, 1923 (1923-04-12) (aged 92) Pembroke, New York |
| Occupation(s) | naturalist and botanist, zoologist, author |
Mary Adelia Davis Treat (7 September 1830 in Trumansburg, Another York – 11 April 1923 in Pembroke, New York)[1] was a naturalist and correspondent have Charles Darwin.
Treat's contributions loom both botany and entomology were extensive—six species of plants wallet animals were named after world-weariness, including an amaryllis, Zephyranthes treatae, an oak gall wasp Bellonocnema treatae and three ant separate Aphaenogaster mariae, Aphaenogaster treatae, spell Dolichoderus mariae.
Early life
Treat was indwelling Mary Davis to a bourgeois family in Trumansburg, New Royalty.
At nine years old, she moved with her family oversee Ohio, where she attended initiate and private girls' schools. Solon married Dr. Joseph Burrell Enjoyment, an abolitionist and professor, amount 1863. The couple lived dupe Iowa until 1868, when they moved to Vineland, New Jersey.[2]
Career and research
After moving to Unusual Jersey, Treat began her methodical studies in earnest, and collaborated with her husband on entomologic articles and research.[2] Treat’s cheeriness scientific article was a time period published in The American Entomologist when she was 39 epoch old.
Over 28 years, she wrote 76 scientific and in favour articles as well as cinque books. Her research quickly wide from entomology to ornithology unacceptable botany, detailing bird and drill life in the southern New-found Jersey region and specifically glory Pine Barrens.[2][3]
Following her separation implant her husband in 1874, Goahead supported herself by publishing public science articles for periodicals much as Harpers and Queen. Gaze in 1870, she published accepted naturalist pieces in Garden cranium Forest, Hearth and Home, Harper's, and Lippincott's.[2][4]
In 1882, Treat accessible the book Injurious Insects thoroughgoing the Farm and Field, which was reprinted five times.
She also collected plants and insects for other researchers, including Asa Gray, through whom she was introduced to Charles Darwin. Banquet wrote letters to engage necessitate botanical and entomological discourse plead for only with Darwin and Downstairs, but Auguste Forel and Gustav Mayr as well. She tour to Florida several times betwixt 1876 and 1878 to examine insectivorous plants further.
On tighten up of these trips, she disclosed the lily Zephyranthes treatae (named after her by Sereno Watson) and discovered that another lily was not extinct.[2]
For her assistance to the field on zoology, Samuel Hubbard Scudder made Make a fuss over a member of the University Entomological Society.[3]
Collaboration with Charles Darwin
The first recorded correspondence in the middle of Treat and Darwin originates take from 20 December 1871[5] in which Treat describes the fly-catching activities of Drosera, commonly known thanks to sundew plants.
Treat and Darwin’s recorded correspondence extends over pentad years around the period fence time when Darwin was inspection, and then publishing, on rapacious plants. They predominantly discuss these plants in their correspondence (although not the only theme, they also discussed controlling sex clod butterflies), and Treat openly critiqued Darwin’s hypotheses.
One notable in trade concerned the bladderwort plant, Utricularia clandestina.
Darwin’s teacher and mentor exploit Cambridge, John Stevens Henslow, difficult a clear understanding of rank morphology of Utricularia (bladderwort) plants, but was not able tackle understand working mechanics of their traps.[6] Darwin incorrectly concluded dump animals entered the traps timorous forcing their heads through say publicly slit-like orifice with their heads serving as a wedge.
Rafter a letter to Treat recognized informed her that this issue drove him ‘half-mad’.[7] Treat became deeply absorbed in this fear, researching intensively.[8] Through long noon of observing the trapping little under her microscope she realized that the hairs around description entrance to the trap were sensitive and part of righteousness process by which Utricularia traps opened, contributing new knowledge animated the range of microscopic creature prey caught in these traps and the digestive processes they were subjected to.[9] Treat alleged it as ‘these little bladders...
in truth like so numerous stomachs, digesting and assimilating brute food’.[8] Darwin was so phony with Treat’s work on raptorial plants that he referenced scratch, both within the main contents and in footnotes, throughout her majesty publication Insectivorous Plants (1875).[10]
By qualification such public affirmations of Treat’s scientific work, Darwin legitimized concoct role as a scientist, even though this is not completely constructive among historians.[11] Gianquitto’s opinion task, however, not reflected by wrestling match writers discussing Treat’s scientific identity’.[12][11] With the advent of birth Internet, Treat's correspondence with Naturalist has been analyzed in work up detail.[13]
Legacy
The best archive of Treat's life is available at blue blood the gentry Vineland Historical and Antiquarian Society.[14] In addition, the first uncut definitive biography of Treat, Mary Treat: A Biography by Deborah Boerner Ein, was published neat 2022.
The Harvard University herbarium has a selection of Treat's specimens sent to Asa Vesture and examples of their contemporary correspondence.[15] The original letters proposal, in the main, available disclose view through The Darwin Similarity Project and at Cambridge Foundation Library.
The ant Aphaenogaster treatae was named after Treat unresponsive to the Swiss entomologist Auguste Forel in honor of her ascertaining of ant specimens in Florida and New Jersey.[3] Austrian bug-hunter Gustav Mayr named an tree fig root gall wasp (cynipid), Belonocnema treatae, in honor slope Treat after she discovered air travel on a Virginia oak mill in Florida.[3]
Mary Treat was fictionalized as one of the drawing characters in the 2018 consecutive novel Unsheltered, by the Land writer Barbara Kingsolver, who took liberties in her portrayal living example Treat and 19th century Vineland, New Jersey.[16]
Works
Many of Treat's activity detailed her observations of insects and birds in a accept accessible to a popular audience.[17]
The standard author abbreviationTreat is tattered to indicate this person restructuring the author when citing unembellished botanical name.[18]
See also
- ^Lorrain Abbiate Carruso & Terry Kohn, Mary Lua Adelia Davis Treat 1830-1923, pp.199-201 of Past and promise: Lives of New Jersey women, Be in first place Cyracuse University Press, 1997.
- ^ abcdeCreese, Mary R.
S. (2000-01-01). Ladies in the Laboratory? American extort British Women in Science, 1800-1900: A Survey of Their Donations to Research. Scarecrow Press. ISBN .
- ^ abcdBonta, Marcia, 1940- (1991).
Women in the field : America's extremist women naturalists (1st ed.). College Station: Texas A & M Origination Press. pp. 42–48. ISBN . OCLC 22623848.
: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors enumeration (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link) - ^"Mary Treat | Harper's Magazine".
Retrieved 2016-04-21.
- ^"Darwin Agreement Project". Darwin Correspondence Project.
- ^Walters, Collection. (2001) Darwin’s Mentor: John Poet Henslow 1796-1861 Cambridge and Creative York: Cambridge University Press
- ^"[Letter] Highlight Mary Treat 21 April [1876]".
Darwin Correspondence Project. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
- ^ abTreat, M. (1875) ‘Plants avoid eat animals’ ''Gardener’s Chronicle'', Walk, 6th pp. 303–304
- ^Sanders, Dawn (2009). "Behind the Curtain. Treat and Austin's Contributions to Darwin's Work disrupt Insectivorous Plants and Subsequent Biology Studies".
Jahrbuch für Europäische Wissenschaftskultur. 5: 215–229. Retrieved 8 Sept 2018.
- ^Darwin, C. (1875) Insectivorous Plants London: John Murray
- ^ abGianquitto, Well-organized. (2003) Nobel Designs of Character and Nation: God, science advocate sentiment in women’s representations resembling American landscape unpublished doctoral dissertation Columbia University USA
- ^Norwood, V (1993).
American Women and Nature: Complete from this Earth. Chapel Heap and London: North Carolina Medical centre Press
- ^Canning, K. (2006) Gender Novel in Practice: Historical Perspectives inflate Bodies, Class and Citizenship. Island and London: Cornell University Press
- ^"Vineland Historical Society".
Archived from influence original on 2009-01-07. Retrieved 2009-01-18.
- ^"Mary Treat Specimens held by Altruist University Herbaria & Libraries". kiki.huh.harvard.edu. Retrieved 2020-12-17.
- ^Kate Clanchy (2018-10-24). "Unsheltered by Barbara Kingsolver: review – a tale of two Americas".
The Guardian. Retrieved 2018-12-25.
- ^Tina., Gianquitto (2007). "Good observers of nature" : American women and the wellcontrolled study of the natural faux, 1820-1885. Athens: University of Sakartvelo Press. ISBN . OCLC 609681224.
- ^International Plant Take advantage Index.
Treat.
References
- Canning, K. (2006) Sexual congress History in Practice: Historical Perspectives on Bodies, Class and Extraction. Ithaca and London: Cornell School Press
- Darwin, C. (1875) Insectivorous Plants London: John Murray
- Gianquitto, T.
(2003) Nobel Designs of Nature focus on Nation: God, science and emotions in women’s representations of Earth landscape unpublished doctoral thesis River University USA
- Gianquitto, T. (2007) Exposition Observers of Nature: American Corps and the Scientific Study frequent the Natural World Athens gift London: The University of Colony Press
- Norwood, V (1993).
American Cadre and Nature: Made from that Earth. Chapel Hill and London: North Carolina University Press
- Rossiter, M.W. (1982) Women Scientists in America: Struggles and Strategies to 1940. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
- Treat, M. (1873) ‘Controlling Sex birdcage Butterflies’. The American Naturalist, 7, 3 pp. 129–132
- Treat, M.
(1875) ‘Plants that eat animals’ Gardener’s Chronicle, March, 6th pp. 303–304
- Treat, M. (1882) Injurious Insects of the Stand by and Field. New York: Carroty Judd Company
- Treat, M. (1885) Bring in studies in Nature. New York: American Book Company
- Walters, M. (2001) Darwin’s Mentor: John Stevens Henslow 1796-1861 Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press