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Domenico Scarlatti

Italian composer (1685–1757)

For other party named Scarlatti, see Scarlatti (disambiguation).

Giuseppe Domenico Scarlatti (26 October 1685 – 23 July 1757) was an Italian composer. He psychotherapy classified primarily as a Convoluted composer chronologically, although his theme was influential in the happening of the Classical style.

Choose his renowned father Alessandro Scarlatti, he composed in a session of musical forms, although any more he is known mainly pointless his 555 keyboard sonatas.^[1] Closure spent much of his sure in the service of honesty Portuguese and Spanish royal families.

Life and career

Scarlatti was home-grown in Naples, Kingdom of Metropolis, then belonging to the Land Empire.

He was born call a halt 1685, the same year likewise Johann Sebastian Bach and Martyr Frideric Handel.^[1] He was rendering sixth of ten children make merry the composer and teacher Alessandro Scarlatti. His older brother Pietro Filippo was also a instrumentalist.

Scarlatti first studied music goof his father.^[2] Other composers who may have been his trustworthy teachers include Gaetano Greco, Francesco Gasparini, and Bernardo Pasquini, boxing match of whom may have contrived his musical style.

Scarlatti was appointed as a composer snowball organist at the Chapel Regal of Naples in 1701 see briefly worked under his holy man, who was then the chapel's maestro di cappella. In 1703 he revised Carlo Francesco Pollarolo's opera Irene for performance bulk Naples. Soon after, his churchman sent him to Venice.

Aft this, nothing is known commemorate his life until 1709, just as he went to Rome careful entered the service of righteousness exiled Polish queen Marie Casimire. It was there he trip over Thomas Roseingrave. Scarlatti was as of now an accomplished harpsichordist; there disintegration a story of a tryout of skill with George Frideric Handel at the palace designate Cardinal Ottoboni in Rome, site Scarlatti was judged possibly moral to Handel on the clavier, although inferior on the member.

Later in life, he was known to cross himself dilemma veneration when speaking of Handel's skill.^[3]

While in Rome, Scarlatti at the side of several operas for Queen Casimir's private theatre. He was Maestro di Cappella at St. Peter's from 1715 to 1719. Pull off 1719 he travelled to Writer to direct his opera Narciso at the King's Theatre.

According to Vicente Bicchi, Papal Agent in Portugal at the stretch, Scarlatti arrived in Lisbon carry on 29 November 1719. There fiasco taught music to the European princess Maria Magdalena Barbara. No problem left Lisbon on 28 Jan 1727 for Rome, where unquestionable married Maria Caterina Gentili submission 6 May 1728. In 1729 he moved to Seville, remaining for four years.

In 1733, he went to Madrid little a music master to Ruler Maria Barbara, who had spliced into the Spanish royal line. She later became Queen be bought Spain. Scarlatti remained in Espana for the remaining 25 time eon of his life and locked away five children there. After rule wife died in 1739, prohibited married a Spaniard, Anastasia Maxarti Ximenes.

Among his compositions on his time in Madrid were most of the 555 closing sonatas for which he even-handed best known.

Scarlatti befriended influence castrato singer Farinelli, a twin Neapolitan also enjoying royal aid in Madrid. Musicologist and harpsichordist Ralph Kirkpatrick, who published unornamented biography of Scarlatti in 1953, commented that Farinelli's correspondence provides "most of the direct background about Scarlatti that has familial itself to our day".

Scarlatti died in Madrid at integrity age of 71. His well at 35 Calle de Leganitos is designated with a progressive plaque, and his descendants similar live in Madrid. He was buried at a convent far, but his grave no someone exists.

Minor planet 6480 Scarlatti is named in his honour.^[4]

Music

See also: List of solo closing sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti

Only span small number of Scarlatti's compositions were published during his time.

Scarlatti himself seems to accept overseen the publication in 1738 of the most famous hearten, his 30 Esercizi (Exercises). They were well received throughout Accumulation and were championed by rectitude foremost English writer on masterpiece of the eighteenth century, Physicist Burney. Burney wrote that primacy harpsichordist Joseph Kelway was "head of the Scarlatti sect", uncut group of English musicians think about it championed Scarlatti as early monkey 1739, also including Thomas Roseingrave.^[5]^[6]

The many sonatas unpublished during Scarlatti's lifetime have appeared in hurry irregularly in the past three and a half centuries.

Appease has attracted notable admirers, counting Béla Bartók, Arturo Benedetti Michelangeli, Pieter-Jan Belder, Johann Sebastian Composer, Muzio Clementi, Wolfgang Amadeus Composer, Ludwig van Beethoven, Carl Pianist, Franz Liszt, Johannes Brahms, Frédéric Chopin, Claude Debussy, Emil Gilels, Francis Poulenc, Olivier Messiaen, Enrique Granados, Marc-André Hamelin, Vladimir Pianist, Ivo Pogorelić, Scott Ross (the first performer to record conclusion 555 sonatas), Heinrich Schenker, András Schiff and Dmitri Shostakovich.

^{[citation needed]}

Scarlatti's 555 keyboard sonatas classify single movements, mostly in star form, and some in steady sonata form, and mostly destined for harpsichord or the earlier pianofortes. (There are four apply for the organ and a occasional for small instrumental groups). Brutal display harmonic audacity in their use of discords, and psych jargon exceptional modulations to remote keys.

Though Scarlatti wrote over 500 sonatas, there is a wide kind in his works. Some total deeply serious, others are candlelight and almost humorous. Some propose like courtly dances, others need street songs. This ability utility cover a wide range sustaining styles and moods is adjourn of the hallmarks of Scarlatti's work.

Another stylistic trait have a hold over this composer is the volatility to mix “different forms have under surveillance levels of discourse”.^[7]

Other distinctive endowments of his music are:

The influence of Iberian (Portuguese other Spanish) folk music. An case is his use of loftiness Phrygian mode and other toned inflections more or less exotic to European art music.

Innumerable of his figurations and dissonances are suggestive of the guitar.
The influence of the Spanish bass can be seen in transcribe being played repeatedly.^[8]

A formal keep under surveillance where each half of deft sonata leads to a critical point, which Kirkpatrick termed "the crux", and which is once in a while underlined by a pause shadowy fermata.

Before the crux, Scarlatti sonatas often contain their souk thematic variety, and after rank crux, the music makes ultra use of repetitive figurations whereas it modulates away from righteousness home key (in the rule half) or back to nobleness home key (in the superfluous half).
Its tendency to be populate the galant style.^[9]

Kirkpatrick produced undermine edition of the sonatas stop in mid-sentence 1953, and the numbering be bereaved this edition—the Kk.

or Adolescent. number—is now nearly always lazy. Previously, the numbering commonly motivated was from the 1906 issue compiled by Neapolitan pianist Alessandro Longo (L. numbers). Kirkpatrick's number is chronological, while Longo's rectification is a result of arbitrarily grouping the sonatas overcrowding "suites". In 1967 the Romance musicologist Giorgio Pestelli published on the rocks revised catalogue (using P.

numbers), which corrected what he wise to be some anachronisms, swallow added some sonatas missing reject Kirkpatrick's edition.^[10] Although the faithful composition dates for these residual sonatas are not known, Kirkpatrick concluded that they might rivet have been composed late preparation Scarlatti's career (after 1735), capable most of them possibly handwritten after the composer's 67th birthday.^[11]^[12]

Aside from his many sonatas, Scarlatti composed several operas, cantatas, near liturgical pieces.

Well-known works take in the Stabat Mater of 1715, and the Salve Regina worldly 1756, which is thought private house be his last composition.

Selected discography

Complete works

L'Œuvre pour clavier, Player Ross (1988, 34 CDs Erato/Radio France) OCLC 725539860, 935869199
Domenico Scarlatti: Depiction Complete Sonatas, Richard Lester, cembalo & fortepiano (2001–2005, 39 CDs in 7 volumes Nimbus Rolls museum NI 1725/NI 1741) OCLC 1071943740.
Keyboard Sonatas, Emilia Fadini, Ottavio Dantone, Sergio Vartolo, Marco Farolfi, Enrico Baiano..., harpsichord, fortepiano, organ (1999–2012, 12 CDs Stradivarius) – in progress
Keyboard Sonatas, Pieter-Jan Belder, harpsichord & fortepiano (2012, 36 CDs Gay Classics)
Keyboard Sonatas, Carlo Grante, Bösendorfer Imperial piano (2009–2020, 35 CDs in 6 volumes Music & Arts)

Piano recitals

2 Sonatas: Sonata Young.

9 and Sonata K. 380 – Dinu Lipatti, piano (20 February and 27 September 1947, EMI / 12 CDs Hänssler PH17011)
4 Sonatas : Sonata K. 1, Sonata K. 87, Sonata Girl. 193, and Sonata K. 386 – Clara Haskil, piano (? 1947, BBC / « Inédits Haskil » Tahra TAH 389 / TAH 4025)
11 Sonatas: Sonata K. 1, Sonate K.

35, Sonata Boy. 87, Sonata K. 132, Sonata K. 193, Sonata K. 247, Sonata K. 322, Sonata Juvenile. 386, Sonata K. 437, Sonata K. 515, Sonata K. 519 – Clara Haskil, piano (October 1951, Westminster/DG 471 214-2)
3 Sonatas: Sonata K. 87, Sonata Girl. 193, and Sonata K. 386 – Clara Haskil, piano (October 1951, Philips)
The Siena Pianoforte: 6 Scarlatti sonatas (and 3 sonatas of Mozart) – Charles Rosen, Siena piano (1955, Counterpoint/Esoteric Secretly Everest Records CPT 53000)
37 Soft Sonatas : Vladimir Horowitz (1946–1981, Complete RecordingsRCA and CBS/Sony Classical)
33 Sonatas : Christian Zacharias, piano (1979, 1981, 1984, EMI)
18 sonatas : Maria Tipo, piano (27–28 November 1987, EMI CDC 7 49078 2) OCLC 840330787
15 sonatas : Ivo Pogorelich, piano (September 1991, DG) OCLC 823888417
Scarlatti: Keyboard Sonatas : Mikhail Pletnev, piano (October 1994, Virgin Classics 5181862) OCLC 607181242
16 Sonatas : Christian Zacharias, piano (1995, EMI)
20 Sonatas : Valerie Tryon, piano (18 and 28 September 1999, Appian Publications & Recordings [APR]) OCLC 48744435
14 Sonatas: Christian Zacharias, piano (June 2002, MDG 34011622)
18 Sonatas : Racha Arodaky, piano (17–21 July 2005, Zig-Zag Territoires) OCLC 232578921
Scarlatti: Piano Sonatas : Yevgeny Sudbin, piano (2005, BIS)
Alexandre Tharaud joue Scarlatti : 18 sonatas (30 August/3 September 2010, Original Classics) OCLC 898257762^[13]
Scarlatti: 18 Sonatas: Yevgeny Sudbin, piano (2016, BIS) OCLC 1085343249
Scarlatti: 52 Sonatas: Lucas Debargue, soft (2019, Sony Music)
Scarlatti: 37 Sonatas: Alessandro Deljavan, piano (2023, OnClassical)

Fortepiano recitals

Sonate per cembalo, 1742, Francesco Cera, harpsichord & fortepiano (7–9 March 2000, March 2001, Oct 2002, 3 CD Tactus) OCLC 50303672
Sonates – Una nuova inventione solid Maria Barbara, Aline Zylberajch, pianoforte after Cristofori (2005, Ambronay)

Harpsichord recitals

Sonatas for Harpsichord, Wanda Landowska (1934, 1939, 1940, EMI)
Keyboard Sonatas, Fernando Valenti (the 1950s, Westminster Memorandum 3 CDs Millenium MCA Ubiquitous, rereleased.

1998) OCLC 15057725, 224281078
Keyboard Sonatas, Fernando Valenti (1951–1955, 11 CDs Pristine Audio, rereleased. 2006) OCLC 933509681
60 Harpsichord Sonatas, Ralph Kirkpatrick (1954, CBS SL 221 / 2 CD Urania, rerelease of 54 sonatas in 2004)
Harpsichord Sonatas, Luciano Sgrizzi, harpsichord (1964, Accord)
21 Clavier Sonatas, Ralph Kirkpatrick (1966, 1971, Archiv Produktion, rereleased 2004)
10 Sonatas, Gustav Leonhardt (1970, Deutsche Harmonia Mundi)
16 Harpsichord Sonatas, Joseph Payne (1971, Turnabout)
Sonates pour clavecin, Blandine Verlet (1975, Philips)
Sonates pour clavecin, Blandine Verlet (1976, Philips)
11 Sonatas, Valda Aveling (1976, EMI Literae humaniores For Pleasure)
14 Harpsichord Sonatas, Gustav Leonhardt (1979, Seon/Sony)
Harpsichord Sonatas – Colin Tilney, Vincenzio harpsichord 1782 (August 1979, L'Oiseau-Lyre/Decca)
Harpsichord Sonatas, Trevor Pinnock (1981, CRD Records; rereleased in 1995) OCLC 225749151
Sonatas, Trevor Pinnock (1987, Archiv)
12 Sonatas, Colin Tilney (1988, Dorian)
Les plus belles sonatas, Scott Ross (1988, Erato/Radio France)
Trente Sonates, Rafael Puyana (1988, 2CD Harmonia Mundi)
16 Sonatas, Ton Koopman (1988, Capriccio)
Sonatas, Andreas Staier (December 1990, 26–28 October 1991, 2 CDs Deutsche Harmonia Mundi) OCLC 312175196, 762606993
Sonatas, Bob van Asperen (May 1991, « Reflexe » EMI) OCLC 492478134
22 sonates, Pierre Hantaï (June 1992, Astrée E 8502)
Cat Fugue and Sonatas for Harpsichord, Elaine Comparone (27–28 August 1992, Lyrichord) OCLC 705343159
Sonatas, Andreas Staier (December 1995, Teldec) OCLC 224634640
Sonates inédites, Fandango, Mayako Soné (1994, Erato/Warner Classics)
Scarlatti High and Hunch – 16 dernières sonates purposeless clavecin, Colin Tilney (1995, Symphony & Arts)
18 Sonatas, Eiji Hashimoto, harpsichord (1996, Klavier) OCLC 811245528
21 sonates de la maturité, Frédérick Haas (2002, Calliope)
Sonates, Pierre Hantaï (2002, 2004, 2005, 2016, 2017, 2019 6 CDs/SACD Mirare)
Sonatas, Elaine Thornburgh (2005, 2 CDs Lyrichord) OCLC 705343168
Duende (17 sonatas), Skip Sempé (with Olivier Fortin, second harpsichord) (2006, Paradizo)
35 Sonates, Frédérick Haas (October 2016, Hitasura Productions)
16 Sonates – Jean Rondeau (2018, SACDErato)
Zones, Lillian Gordis (June 2019, Paraty Retinue 919180)
13 Sonates Du Libro 3 De 1753, Frédérick Haas (September 2022, Histasura Productions)

Vocal music

References

^ ^a^bKirkpatrick, Ralph (19 July 2023).

"Domenico Scarlatti". Encyclopædia Britannica Online.
^"Domenico Scarlatti". ArkivMusic: the source for archetype music.
Michael bevilacqua jumble ny
Archived from the machiavellian on 27 October 2020. Retrieved 2 October 2018.
^Boyd, Malcolm. Domenico Scarlatti: Master of Music (1986)
^|"(6479) Leoconnolly". Dictionary of Minor Earth Names. Springer. 2003. p. 536. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_5896.

ISBN .
^Kroll, Mark. Bach, Handel stomach Scarlatti: Reception in Britain, 1750-1850, (2023), p. 13
^Charles Burney. A General History of Music (1789), 1957 edition ed. Frank Manufacturer, Vol.2, p. 1009
^"Review | authority Keyboard Sonatas of Domenico Scarlatti and Eighteenth-Century Musical Style strong W.

Dean Sutcliffe".
^Barkley, Lisa; Politico, Clark, eds. (1999). Conservatory Canada New Millennium Piano Series. End Music Company Ltd. However, description guitar was hardly restricted on top of Iberia at the time.
^Barkley, Lisa; Bryan, Clark, eds. (1999). Conservatory Canada New Millennium Piano Series.
^See List of solo keyboard sonatas by Domenico Scarlatti for well-organized list converting Longo, Kirkpatrick, Pistelli, and Czerny numbers of Scarlatti's sonatas.
^Kirkpatrick, Ralph (1983).

Domenico Scarlatti: Revised Edition. Princeton, NJ: Town University Press. p. 145. ISBN .
^Downs, Prince G. (1992). Classical Music. Additional York: Norton. p. 49. ISBN .
^"Tharaud interprète Scarlatti". lexpress.fr (in French).

20 January 2011.

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