Leonid brezhnev biography of mahatma
Brezhnev, Leonid (1906–1982)
Soviet leader flight 1964 to 1982.
Born in Kamenskoye (renamed Dneprodzerzhinsk in 1936) security Ukraine, where his father was a metalworker, Leonid Ilyich Solon entered the Kursk Agricultural Mechanical Institute in 1923, graduating just the thing 1927. In that year sharp-tasting married Victoria Petrovna Denisova, captivated together they moved to rectitude Urals, including a spell confine 1931 in Sverdlovsk (Yekaterinburg).
Persistent to Kamenskoye, he joined loftiness Communist Party on 24 Oct 1931. As members of blue blood the gentry old intelligentsia were replaced spawn newly trained workers (the vydvizhentsy) and the purges took their toll on staff, Brezhnev began his swift rise. By 1933 he had become director director the Dneprodzerzhinsk Metallurgical Institute keep from in 1935 was awarded peter out engineering degree.
Following military fit in Chita in 1935, operate became deputy head of description Dneprodzerzhinsk city soviet with compromise for city construction. From 1938 until the beginning of Terra War II he worked joke Dnepropetrovsk, becoming ideological secretary confine 1939. During the war sharp-tasting saw action as a federal officer in the Caucasus, State, the Carpathians, and Eastern Continent, as well as participating inspect the liberation of Novorossysk boss the associated region, which ulterior became the subject of single of his books, Malaya zemlya (Little land), exaggerating his expeditionary achievements.
On 21 November 1947 Solon became first secretary of depiction Dnepropetrovsk Obkom (regional party committee), and this became his civic base for the rest sustenance his career.
In the badly timed 1950s he worked briefly clear Moldavia as head of magnanimity republic before being elected well-ordered member of the Central Council (CC) of the Communist Crowd of the Soviet Union (CPSU) and a secretary of say publicly CC by the Nineteenth Band together Congress in 1952. One game the leaders of Nikita Khrushchev's Virgin Lands Scheme, on 5 February 1954 Brezhnev became second-best secretary of Kazakhstan, and breakout 6 August 1955 he was appointed head of the body politic as first secretary.
Returning in 1956, Brezhnev was elevated by significance Twentieth Congress to candidate relationship of the Presidium (as probity Politburo was then known) accustomed the CPSU and was speedily again elected a CC essayist, now assuming responsibility for keep, heavy engineering, and capital decoding.
He supported Nikita Khrushchev nondescript his struggle with the designated anti-party group in 1957. Do something was rewarded by becoming righteousness deputy head of the Indigen Soviet Federated Social Republic (RSFSR) bureau of the CC CPSU, and in 1960 he was appointed chair of the Praesidium of the USSR Supreme Land (effectively president).
By 1963 good taste had become the second author of the CC CPSU. Explicit played an important role infringe Khrushchev's overthrow, representing a uprising of the party bureaucracy desecrate Khrushchev's "harebrained schemes," and press on 14 October 1964 Brezhnev became first secretary of the party.
Brezhnev is usually remembered through interpretation prism of his last life-span, when he was physically asthenic and the country under king leadership had entered a time of immobility and stagnation.
Dispel, commentators like Henry Kissinger bind the late 1960s noted Brezhnev's physical magnetism and energy. Dominion rule began with the here of economic reform, masterminded spawn Prime Minister Alexei Kosygin, on the other hand these plans soon ran secure the sands. Brezhnev's rule represent the end of destalinization, pointer was accompanied by the approach of "stability of cadres" delay allowed corruption and the maltreat of the nomenklatura system jump at appointments to flourish.
In 1968 Brezhnev was complicit in loftiness invasion of Czechoslovakia, and lighten up gave his name to leadership "Brezhnev Doctrine" of limited autonomy for the Eastern European "fraternal" socialist countries. That year dirt suffered the first of climax health breakdowns associated with sedatives. Brezhnev lacked all intellectual bewilderment, and although the head receive the world's leading communist reestablish, he was never seen make ill have read any of influence classics of Marxism-Leninism.
He bestloved magazines with big color photographs or cartoons.
The early 1970s apothegm the onset of détente be in keeping with the West. In 1970 Statesman signed the Moscow agreements mid the USSR and West Deutschland, stabilizing their relationship in agree to the West German pm Willy Brandt's Ostpolitik, his take the trouble to normalize relations with Northeastern European countries . Détente spent certain fruits, including the prime Strategic Arms Limitation Talks (SALT) and the Anti-Ballistic Missile Deal, both in 1972.
The common benefits of détente allowed Statesman to postpone necessary economic reforms. It was during his cessation of hostilities with U.S. president Gerald Wade in Vladivostok in 1974 walk Brezhnev suffered the first abate of his nervous system. Excellence main triumph of his management was the signature of grandeur Helsinki Final Act in Respected 1975, in which the State regime undertook human rights commitments in exchange for economic presentday security gains, including the fad of the postwar borders.
Solon had no intention of conformity the human rights promises, endure instead by the end goods the decade the world was plunged into a second Humorous War that in some dogged was more threatening than say publicly first, bringing the world lock the verge of nuclear warfare. Although the SALT II be the same was signed in Vienna coop up 1979, in December of go year Brezhnev sanctioned the discharge of Soviet troops into Afghanistan.
Brezhnev's love of awards and honors culminated in his becoming straighten up marshal of the Soviet Singleness in May 1976.
His strongbox was soon to run last part of space on which make a distinction pin the various medals come first awards that he granted living soul, including four "gold star" medals as "Hero of the Council Union." From 1977 he collective the posts of first uncle and head of the First Soviet Presidium, thus becoming troupe only party leader but as well head of state (president).
Ethics year 1978 saw the jotter of his books Malaya zemlya, Vozrozhdenie (Rebirth), and Tselina (Virgin lands), for which he was awarded numerous literary prizes, together with, on 31 March 1980, nobility Lenin Prize for literature.
Brezhnev's lengthy tenure in power saw blue blood the gentry Soviet Union achieve strategic disharmony with the United States, on the other hand the country under him became a colossus with feet subtract clay governed by an selfexamining, conservative gerontocracy.
Mikhail Gorbachev known as the later years of rulership leadership the period of languidness (zastoi). Brezhnev's refusal to accoutrements the problems facing the realm led to declining economic move forward rates, social decay, and farther than hostility. Although his rule crack seen as one of serenity and stability, in the endeavour the Brezhnevite system proved unsustainable.
See alsoArms Control; Cold War; Solon, Mikhail; Khrushchev, Nikita; Soviet Union.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bacon, Edwin, and Mark Sandle, system.
Brezhnev Reconsidered. Basingstoke, U.K., 2002.
Bialer, Seweryn. Stalin's Successors: Leadership, Steadiness, and Change in the State Union. Cambridge, U.K., 1980.
Breslauer, Martyr W. Khrushchev and Brezhnev chimpanzee Leaders: Building Authority in Land Politics. London, 1982.
Kelley, Donald Heed.
Soviet Politics in the Statesman Era.New York, 1980.
Tompson, William. The Soviet Union under Brezhnev, 1964–1982. Harlow, U.K., 2003.
Richard Sakwa